PMID- 37191746
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230626
LR  - 20230626
IS  - 1614-7499 (Electronic)
IS  - 0944-1344 (Linking)
VI  - 30
IP  - 29
DP  - 2023 Jun
TI  - Cadmium, lead, and mercury interactions on obstructive lung function in pre- and 
      postmenopausal women.
PG  - 73485-73496
LID - 10.1007/s11356-023-27503-2 [doi]
AB  - There was a dearth of information on how heavy metals affect women's lung 
      function. To assess the effects of cadmium, lead, and mercury and their 
      interactions on obstructive lung function in pre- and postmenopausal women. The 
      associations between an individual heavy metal and its mixtures and the first 
      second of forced expiration (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) were studied using 
      multivariate non-linear, linear, and logistic regression models, Bayesian kernel 
      machine regression (BKMR), and marginal effects in 1821 women. Serum cadmium and 
      lead levels and the percentage of FEV1/FVC < 70% were substantially higher in 
      postmenopausal women than in premenopausal women. Cadmium (beta =  - 0.84, 
      95%, - 1.63 to - 0.05) and lead (beta =  - 0.43, 95%CI, - 1.62 to - 0.04) were found 
      to be inversely associated with the FEV1/FVC ratio in premenopausal women, while 
      a combination of cadmium and mercury showed a negative association with the 
      FEV1/FVC ratio in postmenopausal women (beta =  - 0.65, 95%CI, - 1.27 to - 0.03). In 
      the non-linear regression model, an inverted U-shape association of mercury with 
      FEV1/FVC indicator was found in postmenopausal women (beta =  - 0.78, 95%CI, - 1.41 
      to - 0.15). In BKMR model, a mixture of three heavy metals was negatively 
      associated with the FEV1/FVC ratio. Cadmium was identified as an important 
      substance associated with lung function decline (posterior inclusion 
      probabilities (PIPs) = 0.731 in premenopausal and PIPs = 0.514 in postmenopausal 
      women). Cadmium appeared linear; an inverted U-shape association of mercury with 
      the FEV1/FVC indicator and slightly positive associations of lead with the 
      FEV1/FVC indicator in postmenopausal women were found. Threshold cutoff values 
      for the studied substances related to clinical lung function decline were 
      established. In conclusion, the presence of mixed heavy metals (cadmium, lead, 
      and mercury) and their association with obstructive lung function showed worse 
      results than separate associations. These findings have important implications 
      for policy and future research about how heavy metals affect women's lungs.
CI  - (c) 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, 
      part of Springer Nature.
FAU - Nguyen, Hai Duc
AU  - Nguyen HD
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8419-7784
AD  - Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and 
      Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Jeonnam, Republic 
      of Korea. duchainguyen1706@gmail.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230516
PL  - Germany
TA  - Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
JT  - Environmental science and pollution research international
JID - 9441769
RN  - 2P299V784P (Lead)
RN  - 00BH33GNGH (Cadmium)
RN  - FXS1BY2PGL (Mercury)
SB  - IM
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Lead
MH  - Cadmium
MH  - *Mercury
MH  - Bayes Theorem
MH  - Postmenopause
MH  - Lung
MH  - Forced Expiratory Volume
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Heavy metals
OT  - Menopause
OT  - Mixtures
OT  - Obstructive lung function
OT  - Threshold cutoff values
EDAT- 2023/05/16 13:09
MHDA- 2023/06/26 06:42
CRDT- 2023/05/16 11:09
PHST- 2023/02/06 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/05/04 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/06/26 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2023/05/16 13:09 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/05/16 11:09 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s11356-023-27503-2 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s11356-023-27503-2 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Jun;30(29):73485-73496. doi: 
      10.1007/s11356-023-27503-2. Epub 2023 May 16.