PMID- 37198415
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20231023
LR  - 20231023
IS  - 1432-0703 (Electronic)
IS  - 0090-4341 (Linking)
VI  - 85
IP  - 3
DP  - 2023 Oct
TI  - Identify Primary Air Pollution Sources of BTEX by Using Positive Matrix 
      Factorization (PMF): A Case Study of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
PG  - 263-276
LID - 10.1007/s00244-023-01002-4 [doi]
AB  - Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) is one of the main socioeconomic and financial centers of 
      Vietnam. The city also faces serious air pollution. However, the city polluted 
      with benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) has rarely been studied. 
      We used positive matrix factorization (PMF) to analyze BTEX concentrations 
      measured at two sampling locations to identify the main sources of BTEX in HCMC. 
      The locations represented residential area (i.e., To Hien Thanh) and industrial 
      area (i.e., Tan Binh Industrial Park). At the To Hien Thanh location, the average 
      concentrations of benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, and xylene were 6.9, 14.4, 4.9, 
      and 12.7 microg/m(3), respectively. At the Tan Binh location, the average 
      concentrations of benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, and xylene were 9.8, 22.6, 2.4, 
      and 9.2 microg/m(3), respectively. The results showed that PMF was a reliable model 
      for source apportionment in HCMC. Traffic activities were the main sources of 
      BTEX. Besides, industrial activities also contributed to BTEX emissions, 
      especially the location near the industrial park. The majority of BTEXs at the To 
      Hien Thanh sampling site come from traffic sources accounting for 56.2%. 
      Activities from traffic and photochemical reactions (42.7%) and industrial 
      sources (40.5%) were the main sources affecting BTEX emissions at the sampling 
      site of Tan Binh Industrial Park. This study can be used as a reference for 
      mitigation solutions to reduce the BTEX emission in HCMC.
CI  - (c) 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business 
      Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
FAU - Nguyen, Van Sang
AU  - Nguyen VS
AD  - Institute for Environment and Resources (IER), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
FAU - Vu, Hoang Ngoc Khue
AU  - Vu HNK
AD  - Institute for Environment and Resources (IER), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
FAU - Nguyen, Thoai Tam
AU  - Nguyen TT
AD  - Institute for Environment and Resources (IER), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
FAU - Huynh, Thi Thao Nguyen
AU  - Huynh TTN
AD  - Institute for Environment and Resources (IER), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
FAU - Ho, Quoc Bang
AU  - Ho QB
AD  - Institute for Environment and Resources (IER), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam. 
      hqbang@vnuhcm.edu.vn.
AD  - Department of Academic Affairs, Vietnam National University, 142 To Hien Thanh 
      St, Dist.10, HCMC, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam. hqbang@vnuhcm.edu.vn.
LA  - eng
GR  - B2021-24-02/Viet Nam National University Ho Chi Minh City/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230517
PL  - United States
TA  - Arch Environ Contam Toxicol
JT  - Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
JID - 0357245
RN  - L5I45M5G0O (ethylbenzene)
RN  - J64922108F (Benzene)
RN  - 0 (Xylenes)
RN  - 3FPU23BG52 (Toluene)
RN  - 0 (Air Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Benzene Derivatives)
SB  - IM
MH  - Benzene/analysis
MH  - Xylenes/analysis
MH  - Toluene/analysis
MH  - *Air Pollutants/analysis
MH  - Vietnam
MH  - Environmental Monitoring/methods
MH  - Benzene Derivatives/analysis
MH  - *Air Pollution
EDAT- 2023/05/18 01:07
MHDA- 2023/10/23 00:41
CRDT- 2023/05/17 23:30
PHST- 2022/12/09 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/04/27 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/10/23 00:41 [medline]
PHST- 2023/05/18 01:07 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/05/17 23:30 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s00244-023-01002-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s00244-023-01002-4 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2023 Oct;85(3):263-276. doi: 
      10.1007/s00244-023-01002-4. Epub 2023 May 17.