PMID- 37202059
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230522
LR  - 20230523
IS  - 2405-4577 (Electronic)
IS  - 2405-4577 (Linking)
VI  - 55
DP  - 2023 Jun
TI  - Impact of one-day fasting, ketogenic diet or exogenous ketones on control of 
      energy balance in healthy participants.
PG  - 292-299
LID - S2405-4577(23)00092-X [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.03.025 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND & AIMS: Oral ketone supplements may mimic the beneficial effects of 
      endogenous ketones on energy metabolism as beta-hydroxybutyrate has been proposed to 
      increase energy expenditure and improve body weight regulation. Therefore, our 
      objective was to compare the effects of a one-day isocaloric ketogenic diet, 
      fasting and supplementation with ketone salts on energy expenditure and appetite 
      perception. METHODS: Eight healthy young adults (4 women, 4 men, age 24 +/- 3 
      years, BMI 24.3 +/- 3.1 kg/m(2)) participated in a randomized cross-over trial with 
      four 24 h-interventions in a whole room indirect calorimeter at a physical 
      activity level of 1.65: (i) total fasting (FAST), (ii) isocaloric ketogenic diet 
      (3.1% energy from carbohydrates (CHO), KETO), (iii) isocaloric control diet 
      (47.4% energy from CHO, ISO), and (iv) ISO supplemented with 38.7 g/d ketone 
      salts (exogenous ketones, EXO). Effects on serum ketone levels (15 h-iAUC), 
      energy metabolism (total energy expenditure, TEE; sleeping energy expenditure, 
      SEE; macronutrient oxidation) and subjective appetite were measured. RESULTS: 
      Compared to ISO, ketone levels were considerably higher with FAST and KETO and 
      little higher with EXO (all p > 0.05). Total and sleeping energy expenditure did 
      not differ between ISO, FAST and EXO whereas KETO increased TEE (+110 +/- 54 kcal/d 
      vs. ISO, p < 0.05) and SEE (+201 +/- 90 kcal/d vs. ISO, p < 0.05). CHO oxidation 
      was slightly decreased with EXO compared to ISO (-48 +/- 27 g/d, p < 0.05) 
      resulting in a positive CHO balance (p < 0.05). No differences between the 
      interventions were found for subjective appetite ratings (all p > 0.05). 
      CONCLUSION: A 24 h-ketogenic diet may contribute to maintain a neutral energy 
      balance by increasing energy expenditure. Exogenous ketones in addition to an 
      isocaloric diet did not improve regulation of energy balance. CLINICAL TRIAL 
      REGISTRATION: NCT04490226 https://clinicaltrials.gov/.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2023 European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. 
      Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Hagele, Franziska A
AU  - Hagele FA
AD  - Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Sciences, 
      Kiel University, Dusternbrooker Weg 17, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
FAU - Dorner, Rebecca
AU  - Dorner R
AD  - Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Sciences, 
      Kiel University, Dusternbrooker Weg 17, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
FAU - Koop, Jana
AU  - Koop J
AD  - Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Sciences, 
      Kiel University, Dusternbrooker Weg 17, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
FAU - Lubken, Marie
AU  - Lubken M
AD  - Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Sciences, 
      Kiel University, Dusternbrooker Weg 17, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
FAU - Seidel, Ulrike
AU  - Seidel U
AD  - Department of Food Sciences, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Sciences, Kiel 
      University, Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 6, 24098 Kiel, Germany.
FAU - Rimbach, Gerald
AU  - Rimbach G
AD  - Department of Food Sciences, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Sciences, Kiel 
      University, Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 6, 24098 Kiel, Germany.
FAU - Muller, Manfred J
AU  - Muller MJ
AD  - Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Sciences, 
      Kiel University, Dusternbrooker Weg 17, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
FAU - Bosy-Westphal, Anja
AU  - Bosy-Westphal A
AD  - Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Sciences, 
      Kiel University, Dusternbrooker Weg 17, 24105 Kiel, Germany. Electronic address: 
      abosyw@nutrition.uni-kiel.de.
LA  - eng
SI  - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT04490226
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
DEP - 20230410
PL  - England
TA  - Clin Nutr ESPEN
JT  - Clinical nutrition ESPEN
JID - 101654592
RN  - 0 (Ketones)
RN  - 0 (Salts)
SB  - IM
MH  - Male
MH  - Young Adult
MH  - Humans
MH  - Female
MH  - Adult
MH  - *Diet, Ketogenic
MH  - Ketones
MH  - Healthy Volunteers
MH  - Salts
MH  - Energy Metabolism/physiology
MH  - Fasting
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Appetite control
OT  - Energy balance
OT  - Energy expenditure
OT  - Ketogenic diet
COIS- Declaration of competing interest All authors declare no conflict of interest 
      related to the study.
EDAT- 2023/05/19 01:04
MHDA- 2023/05/22 06:42
CRDT- 2023/05/18 20:58
PHST- 2023/01/16 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/03/02 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/03/23 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/05/22 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2023/05/19 01:04 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/05/18 20:58 [entrez]
AID - S2405-4577(23)00092-X [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.03.025 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2023 Jun;55:292-299. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.03.025. Epub 
      2023 Apr 10.