PMID- 37213171
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230727
IS  - 2561-326X (Electronic)
IS  - 2561-326X (Linking)
VI  - 7
DP  - 2023 May 22
TI  - Impact of Multimedia Messaging Service Education and Exercise Social Support on 
      Physical Activity Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Quasi-Experimental Study.
PG  - e42590
LID - 10.2196/42590 [doi]
LID - e42590
AB  - BACKGROUND: Social support is one of the interpersonal stimuli that define an 
      individual's predisposition to engage in health-promoting behaviors and is 
      considered a facilitator in improving health habits. Patients with type 2 
      diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can benefit from educating supportive families and 
      friends on self-care management including exercise behavior. Multimedia messaging 
      service (MMS) could also be an effective method for delivering targeted 
      educational interventions that focus on physical activity (PA). OBJECTIVE: This 
      study aimed to assess the effectiveness of MMS educational interventions and 
      perceived social support for exercise on level of PA of patients with T2DM. 
      METHODS: A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design was conducted to recruit 98 
      patients with T2DM. The intervention group received MMS education aiming to 
      improve exercise social support and PA level for 2 months, and their counterparts 
      in the control group received the usual routine care. We sent 2 to 3 messages 
      daily for 2 weeks from Saturday to Thursday (12 days total). These messages were 
      a combination of videos and texts, and the evidence-based content of these 
      messages was reviewed and approved by the advisory committee. We randomly 
      assigned eligible patients in a 1:1 ratio into the intervention or the control 
      groups. Participants completed a survey in 3 periods. RESULTS: There were no 
      significant differences in friends' support, family verbal, practical, or 
      emotional support over time in the intervention group (P>.05). Yet, there was a 
      small effect size (Cohen d) in friends' social support (0.389), family practical 
      support (0.271), and moderate activities (0.386). A medium effect size was found 
      in family verbal (0.463) and emotional (0.468) support. Being married increased 
      the likelihood of friends' support by 2.3 times after intervention (P=.04), 
      whereas rarely doing exercise decreased the likelihood of friends' support by 28% 
      (P=.03) and family practical support by 28% (P=.01). Being female and married 
      increased the likelihood of doing moderate activities by 1.6 times (P=.002) and 
      1.5 times (P=.049) in the intervention group. Being a housewife decreased the 
      likelihood of doing moderate activities by 20% (P=.001). Finally, being a female 
      with a higher educational level decreased the likelihood of doing hard activities 
      by 20% (P=.04) and 15% (P=.002), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A theoretically based 
      MMS health education targeting PA levels and social support of family and friends 
      to perform PA seems promising in promoting family and friends' social support and 
      improving PA levels among patients with T2DM. Actively involving family and 
      friends in educational interventions that target PA can have an impact on 
      health-promoting behaviors in patients with diabetes.
CI  - (c)Mohammad S Alyahya, Nihaya A Al-Sheyab, Yousef S Khader, Jumana A Alqudah. 
      Originally published in JMIR Formative Research (https://formative.jmir.org), 
      22.05.2023.
FAU - Alyahya, Mohammad S
AU  - Alyahya MS
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2345-4892
AD  - Health Management and Policy, Faulty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science 
      and Technology (JUST), Irbid, Jordan.
FAU - Al-Sheyab, Nihaya A
AU  - Al-Sheyab NA
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6106-1099
AD  - Allied Medical Sciences Department/Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan 
      University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid, Jordan.
FAU - Khader, Yousef S
AU  - Khader YS
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7830-6857
AD  - Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Jordan University of Science 
      and Technology (JUST), Irbid, Jordan.
FAU - Alqudah, Jumana A
AU  - Alqudah JA
AUID- ORCID: 0009-0003-9987-8795
AD  - Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Jordan University of Science 
      and Technology (JUST), Irbid, Jordan.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230522
PL  - Canada
TA  - JMIR Form Res
JT  - JMIR formative research
JID - 101726394
PMC - PMC10368390
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - diabetes mellitus
OT  - educational interventions
OT  - multimedia messaging service
OT  - physical activity
OT  - social support
COIS- Conflicts of Interest: YSK was an Associate Editor at JMIR Public Health and 
      Surveillance at the time of the manuscript submission.
EDAT- 2023/05/22 13:03
MHDA- 2023/05/22 13:04
PMCR- 2023/05/22
CRDT- 2023/05/22 11:53
PHST- 2022/09/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/04/23 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/04/23 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/05/22 13:04 [medline]
PHST- 2023/05/22 13:03 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/05/22 11:53 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/05/22 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - v7i1e42590 [pii]
AID - 10.2196/42590 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - JMIR Form Res. 2023 May 22;7:e42590. doi: 10.2196/42590.