PMID- 37224321
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230919
IS  - 2752-6925 (Electronic)
IS  - 2752-6925 (Linking)
VI  - 6
DP  - 2023
TI  - Towards miniaturized electrochemical sensors for monitoring of polychlorinated 
      biphenyls.
PG  - 5
LID - 10.12688/openresafrica.13983.1 [doi]
LID - 5
AB  - Pollution of our environment as a result of industrialization and other human 
      activities is a growing concern due to the harmful effects of most chemicals that 
      are released into the environment. Of particular interest are the persistent 
      organic pollutants (POPs) that are reported to be toxic and build up in the 
      environment due to their persistence. Among the POPs are polychlorinated 
      biphenyls (PCBs), which were widely used in the past in various applications 
      ranging from additives in pesticides to dielectric fluids in electrical 
      equipment. As a way of protecting the one health trilogy (environment, human and 
      animal health), their determination in the environment is a paramount call that 
      has seen researchers continue to provide advanced technologies towards achieving 
      this goal. These technologies involve the conventional gold standard gas 
      chromatography systems coupled to sensitive detectors that can detect trace level 
      concentrations. They have come in handy in monitoring of PCBs but their 
      application for routing monitoring may not be sustainable because of the cost of 
      operation associated with them and the need for experts to run the equipment. As 
      a result, there is need for affordable systems that are still able to achieve the 
      required sensitivity for routine monitoring and real-time data acquisition. 
      Sensor systems fit very well in this category since they can be miniaturized for 
      affordability and portray many other desirable features. PCBs as environmentally 
      relevant environmental pollutants have received minimal attention with regards to 
      sensor development and this review highlights the efforts that have been made so 
      far. It provides in-depth discussions on electrochemical sensors and the various 
      modifications that have been employed to date to achieve detection of PCBs at low 
      concentrations as well as the future prospects in remote and routine monitoring.
CI  - Copyright: (c) 2023 Ndunda EN and Mwanza MM.
FAU - Ndunda, Elizabeth Nthambi
AU  - Ndunda EN
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6656-5413
AD  - Department of Physical Sciences, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Machakos 
      University, Machakos, Machakos County, Kenya.
FAU - Mwanza, Moses Mutiso
AU  - Mwanza MM
AD  - Department of Physical Sciences, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Machakos 
      University, Machakos, Machakos County, Kenya.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20230414
PL  - England
TA  - Open Res Afr
JT  - Open research Africa
JID - 9918487345206676
PMC - PMC10192943
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Biomimetic sensors
OT  - Electrochemical sensors
OT  - MIPs
OT  - PCBs
OT  - environmental pollution
OT  - screen-printed electrodes
COIS- No competing interests were disclosed.
EDAT- 2023/05/24 19:13
MHDA- 2023/05/24 19:14
PMCR- 2023/04/14
CRDT- 2023/05/24 14:53
PHST- 2023/03/24 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/05/24 19:14 [medline]
PHST- 2023/05/24 19:13 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/05/24 14:53 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/04/14 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.12688/openresafrica.13983.1 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Open Res Afr. 2023 Apr 14;6:5. doi: 10.12688/openresafrica.13983.1. eCollection 
      2023.