PMID- 37227564 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20231017 LR - 20231017 IS - 1573-2959 (Electronic) IS - 0167-6369 (Linking) VI - 195 IP - 6 DP - 2023 May 25 TI - Building and optimising an automatic monitoring system network for outdoor PM(2.5): a case study of Ho Chi Minh City. PG - 728 LID - 10.1007/s10661-023-11319-1 [doi] AB - PM(2.5) exposure data are important for air quality management. Optimal planning and determination of locations where PM(2.5) is continuously monitored are important for urban areas in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), a megacity with specific environmental problems. Objectives of the study to propose an automatic monitoring system network (AMSN) to measure outdoor PM(2.5) concentrations in HCMC using low-cost sensors. Data related to the current monitoring network, population, population density, threshold reference standards set by the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) and the World Health Organisation (WHO), and inventory emissions from various sources, both anthropogenic and biogenic, were obtained. Coupled WRF/CMAQ models were used to simulate PM(2.5) concentrations in HCMC. The simulation results were extracted from the grid cells, from which the values of points exceeding the set thresholds were determined. The population coefficient was calculated to determine the corresponding total score (TS). Optimisation of the monitoring locations was statistically performed using Student's t-test to select the official locations for the monitoring network. TS values ranged from 0.0031 to 3215.9. The TS(min) value was reached in the Can Gio district and the TS(max) value was reached in SG1. Based on the t-test results, 26 initial locations were proposed for a preliminary configuration, from which 10 optimal monitoring sites were selected to develop the AMSN of outdoor PM(2.5) concentration measurements in HCMC towards 2025. CI - (c) 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG. FAU - Bui, Long Ta AU - Bui LT AD - Laboratory for Environmental Modelling, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. longbt62@hcmut.edu.vn. AD - Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. longbt62@hcmut.edu.vn. FAU - Nguyen, Nhi Hoang Tuyet AU - Nguyen NHT AD - Laboratory for Environmental Modelling, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. AD - Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. FAU - Nguyen, Phong Hoang AU - Nguyen PH AD - Laboratory for Environmental Modelling, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. AD - Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20230525 PL - Netherlands TA - Environ Monit Assess JT - Environmental monitoring and assessment JID - 8508350 RN - 0 (Air Pollutants) RN - 0 (Particulate Matter) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - *Air Pollutants/analysis MH - *Air Pollution/statistics & numerical data MH - Cities MH - Environmental Monitoring/methods MH - *Particulate Matter/analysis OTO - NOTNLM OT - Air quality OT - Low-cost air quality sensors (LCAQS) OT - Optimisation OT - Statistical analysis OT - WRF/CMAQ EDAT- 2023/05/25 13:07 MHDA- 2023/05/29 06:41 CRDT- 2023/05/25 11:29 PHST- 2022/07/01 00:00 [received] PHST- 2023/04/25 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2023/05/29 06:41 [medline] PHST- 2023/05/25 13:07 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/05/25 11:29 [entrez] AID - 10.1007/s10661-023-11319-1 [pii] AID - 10.1007/s10661-023-11319-1 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Environ Monit Assess. 2023 May 25;195(6):728. doi: 10.1007/s10661-023-11319-1.