PMID- 37235225
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230530
IS  - 2305-6304 (Electronic)
IS  - 2305-6304 (Linking)
VI  - 11
IP  - 5
DP  - 2023 Apr 26
TI  - A Review of Traditional and Emerging Residual Chlorine Quenchers on Disinfection 
      By-Products: Impact and Mechanisms.
LID - 10.3390/toxics11050410 [doi]
LID - 410
AB  - Disinfection by-products (DBPs) are the most common organic contaminants in tap 
      water and are of wide concern because of their highly developmental toxic, 
      cytotoxic, and carcinogenic properties. Typically, to control the proliferation 
      of pathogenic microorganisms, a certain concentration of residual chlorine is 
      retained in the factory water, which reacts with the natural organic matter and 
      the disinfection by-products that have been formed, thus affecting the 
      determination of DBPs. Therefore, to obtain an accurate concentration, residual 
      chlorine in tap water needs to be quenched prior to treatment. Currently, the 
      most commonly used quenching agents are ascorbic acid, sodium thiosulfate, 
      ammonium chloride, sodium sulfite, and sodium arsenite, but these quenching 
      agents can cause varying degrees of DBPs degradation. Therefore, in recent years, 
      researchers have attempted to find emerging chlorine quenchers. However, no 
      studies have been conducted to systematically review the effects of traditional 
      quenchers and new ones on DBPs, as well as their advantages, disadvantages, and 
      scope of application. For inorganic DBPs (bromate, chlorate, and chlorite), 
      sodium sulfite has been proven to be the ideal chlorine quencher. For organic 
      DBPs, although ascorbic acid caused the degradation of some DBPs, it remains the 
      ideal quenching agent for most known DBPs. Among the studied emerging chlorine 
      quenchers, n-acetylcysteine (NAC), glutathione (GSH), and 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene 
      are promising for their application as the ideal chlorine quencher of organic 
      DBPs. The dehalogenation of trichloronitromethane, trichloroacetonitrile, 
      trichloroacetamide, and bromochlorophenol by sodium sulfite is caused by 
      nucleophilic substitution reaction. This paper takes the understanding of DBPs 
      and traditional and emerging chlorine quenchers as a starting point to 
      comprehensively summarize their effects on different types of DBPs, and to 
      provide assistance in understanding and selecting the most suitable residual 
      chlorine quenchers during DBPs research.
FAU - Li, Xue
AU  - Li X
AD  - School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 
      215000, China.
FAU - Zhao, Zhijing
AU  - Zhao Z
AD  - School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 
      215000, China.
FAU - Qu, Zheng
AU  - Qu Z
AD  - School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 
      215000, China.
FAU - Li, Xinyu
AU  - Li X
AD  - School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 
      215000, China.
FAU - Zhang, Zengli
AU  - Zhang Z
AD  - School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 
      215000, China.
FAU - Liang, Xiaojun
AU  - Liang X
AD  - Kunshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou 215301, China.
FAU - Chen, Jingsi
AU  - Chen J
AD  - School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 
      215000, China.
FAU - Li, Jiafu
AU  - Li J
AD  - School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 
      215000, China.
LA  - eng
GR  - BK20210737/the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province/
GR  - 2022M713301/China Postdoctoral Science Foundation/
GR  - 2021YXBKWKY026/the initial Scientific Research Fund of Soochow University, the 
      Student's Extracurricular Scientific Research Fund of Medical College of Soochow 
      University/
GR  - GWZX202204/the Suzhou Found for Prevention and Control Technology of critical 
      illness and infectious diseases/
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20230426
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Toxics
JT  - Toxics
JID - 101639637
PMC - PMC10222485
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - chlorine quenchers
OT  - disinfection by-products
OT  - drinking water
OT  - residual chlorine
COIS- The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interest or 
      personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in 
      this paper.
EDAT- 2023/05/26 19:14
MHDA- 2023/05/26 19:15
PMCR- 2023/04/26
CRDT- 2023/05/26 12:25
PHST- 2023/02/23 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/04/17 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/04/23 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/05/26 19:15 [medline]
PHST- 2023/05/26 19:14 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/05/26 12:25 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/04/26 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - toxics11050410 [pii]
AID - toxics-11-00410 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/toxics11050410 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Toxics. 2023 Apr 26;11(5):410. doi: 10.3390/toxics11050410.