PMID- 37241461
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230529
IS  - 1996-1944 (Print)
IS  - 1996-1944 (Electronic)
IS  - 1996-1944 (Linking)
VI  - 16
IP  - 10
DP  - 2023 May 19
TI  - Experimental Investigation of Cobalt Deposition on 304 Stainless Steel in Borated 
      and Lithiated High-Temperature Water.
LID - 10.3390/ma16103834 [doi]
LID - 3834
AB  - The radioactive corrosion products (58)Co and (60)Co in the primary loops of 
      pressurized water reactors (PWRs) are the main sources of radiation doses to 
      which workers in nuclear power plants are exposed. To understand cobalt 
      deposition on 304 stainless steel (304SS), which is the main structural material 
      used in the primary loop, the microstructural characteristics and chemical 
      composition of a 304SS surface layer immersed for 240 h in borated and lithiated 
      high-temperature water containing cobalt were investigated with scanning electron 
      microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS), X-ray 
      photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), glow discharge optical emission spectrometry 
      (GD-OES), and inductively coupled plasma emission mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The 
      results showed that two distinct cobalt deposition layers (an outer layer of 
      CoFe(2)O(4) and an inner layer of CoCr(2)O(4)) were formed on the 304SS after 240 
      h of immersion. Further research showed that CoFe(2)O(4) was formed on the metal 
      surface by coprecipitation of the iron preferentially dissolved from the 304SS 
      surface with cobalt ions from the solution. The CoCr(2)O(4) was formed by ion 
      exchange between the cobalt ions entering the metal inner oxide layer and (Fe, 
      Ni) Cr(2)O(4). These results are useful in understanding cobalt deposition on 
      304SS and have a certain reference value for exploring the deposition behavior 
      and mechanism of radionuclide cobalt on 304SS in the PWR primary loop water 
      environment.
FAU - Deng, Jian
AU  - Deng J
AD  - School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang 
      421001, China.
AD  - School of Mechanical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, 
      China.
FAU - Lei, Jieheng
AU  - Lei J
AD  - School of Electrical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, 
      China.
FAU - Wang, Guolong
AU  - Wang G
AD  - School of Mechanical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, 
      China.
FAU - Zhong, Lin
AU  - Zhong L
AD  - School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang 
      421001, China.
FAU - Zhao, Mu
AU  - Zhao M
AD  - China Nuclear Industry 24 Construction Co., Ltd., Beijing 102400, China.
FAU - Lei, Zeyong
AU  - Lei Z
AD  - School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang 
      421001, China.
LA  - eng
GR  - 2019YFC1907704/The National Key Research and Development Program of China/
GR  - QL20210227/Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230519
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Materials (Basel)
JT  - Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101555929
PMC - PMC10222542
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - 304SS
OT  - cobalt
OT  - deposition
OT  - primary loop
OT  - spinel
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2023/05/27 09:42
MHDA- 2023/05/27 09:43
PMCR- 2023/05/19
CRDT- 2023/05/27 01:23
PHST- 2023/04/15 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/05/13 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/05/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/05/27 09:43 [medline]
PHST- 2023/05/27 09:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/05/27 01:23 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/05/19 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ma16103834 [pii]
AID - materials-16-03834 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ma16103834 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Materials (Basel). 2023 May 19;16(10):3834. doi: 10.3390/ma16103834.