PMID- 37289393
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230717
LR  - 20240327
IS  - 1614-7499 (Electronic)
IS  - 0944-1344 (Linking)
VI  - 30
IP  - 33
DP  - 2023 Jul
TI  - Joint effects of phenol, chlorophenol pesticide, phthalate, and polycyclic 
      aromatic hydrocarbon on bone mineral density: comparison of four statistical 
      models.
PG  - 80001-80013
LID - 10.1007/s11356-023-28065-z [doi]
AB  - Exposure to phenols, phthalates, pesticides, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 
      (PAHs) can harm the skeleton. However, data about the joint effects of these 
      chemicals' mixture on bone health are limited. The final analysis involved 6766 
      participants aged over 20 years recruited from the National Health and Nutrition 
      Examination Survey. Generalized linear regression, weighted quantile sum (WQS) 
      regression, Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), and quantile g-computation 
      (qgcomp) were performed to investigate the association of the urinary levels of 
      chemicals (three phenols, two chlorophenol pesticides, nine phthalates, and six 
      polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon [PAH] metabolites) with bone mineral density 
      (BMD) measurements and osteoporosis (OP) risk. Generalized linear regression 
      identified that benzophenone-3, 2,4-dichlorophenol, mono-n-butyl phthalate, 
      1-napthol, 3-fluorene, 2-fluorene, and 1-phenanthrene were significantly 
      associated with lower BMD and increased OP risk. The WQS index was negatively 
      associated with total femur, femoral neck, and lumbar spine vertebra 1 (L1) BMD 
      among all the participants, with corresponding beta (95% confidence interval) values 
      of -0.028 g/cm(2) (-0.040, -0.017), -0.015 g/cm(2) (-0.025, -0.004), and -0.018 
      g/cm(2) (-0.033, -0.003). In the BKMR analysis, the overall effect of the mixture 
      was significantly associated with femoral neck BMD among males and OP risk among 
      females. The qgcomp model found a significant association between co-exposure and 
      L1 BMD among all the participants and among males. Our study presents compelling 
      epidemiological evidence that co-exposure to phenols, chlorophenol pesticides, 
      phthalates, and PAHs is associated with reduced BMD and elevated OP risk. It 
      provides epidemiologic evidence for the detrimental effects of these chemicals on 
      bone health.
CI  - (c) 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, 
      part of Springer Nature.
FAU - Di, Dongsheng
AU  - Di D
AD  - MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and 
      Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong 
      University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
FAU - Zhang, Ruyi
AU  - Zhang R
AD  - MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and 
      Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong 
      University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
FAU - Zhou, Haolong
AU  - Zhou H
AD  - MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and 
      Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong 
      University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
FAU - Wei, Muhong
AU  - Wei M
AD  - MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and 
      Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong 
      University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
FAU - Cui, Yuan
AU  - Cui Y
AD  - MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and 
      Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong 
      University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
FAU - Zhang, Jianli
AU  - Zhang J
AD  - MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and 
      Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong 
      University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
FAU - Yuan, Tingting
AU  - Yuan T
AD  - MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and 
      Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong 
      University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
FAU - Liu, Qian
AU  - Liu Q
AD  - MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and 
      Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong 
      University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
FAU - Zhou, Tingting
AU  - Zhou T
AD  - MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and 
      Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong 
      University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
FAU - Wang, Qi
AU  - Wang Q
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8159-0270
AD  - MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and 
      Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong 
      University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. 
      wangqi_tj@hust.edu.cn.
LA  - eng
GR  - 82273711/National Natural Science Foundation of China/
GR  - 72061137006/National Natural Science Foundation of China/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230608
PL  - Germany
TA  - Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
JT  - Environmental science and pollution research international
JID - 9441769
RN  - 6O7F7IX66E (phthalic acid)
RN  - 0 (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons)
RN  - 339NCG44TV (Phenol)
RN  - 0 (Chlorophenols)
RN  - 0 (Pesticides)
RN  - 0 (Phthalic Acids)
RN  - 0 (Phenols)
RN  - 0 (Fluorenes)
SB  - IM
MH  - Male
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Adult
MH  - Bone Density
MH  - *Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
MH  - Phenol/pharmacology
MH  - *Chlorophenols
MH  - *Pesticides/pharmacology
MH  - Nutrition Surveys
MH  - Bayes Theorem
MH  - *Phthalic Acids/urine
MH  - Models, Statistical
MH  - Phenols/pharmacology
MH  - Fluorenes/pharmacology
MH  - Femur Neck
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Bayesian kernel machine regression
OT  - Chemical mixture
OT  - Osteoporosis
OT  - Quantile g-computation regression
OT  - Weighted quantile sum regression
EDAT- 2023/06/08 13:07
MHDA- 2023/07/17 06:42
CRDT- 2023/06/08 11:14
PHST- 2022/12/13 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/05/30 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/07/17 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2023/06/08 13:07 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/06/08 11:14 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s11356-023-28065-z [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s11356-023-28065-z [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Jul;30(33):80001-80013. doi: 
      10.1007/s11356-023-28065-z. Epub 2023 Jun 8.