PMID- 37293402 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20240329 IS - 1664-0640 (Print) IS - 1664-0640 (Electronic) IS - 1664-0640 (Linking) VI - 14 DP - 2023 TI - The impact of early factors on persistent negative symptoms in youth at clinical high risk for psychosis. PG - 1125168 LID - 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1125168 [doi] LID - 1125168 AB - INTRODUCTION: Persistent negative symptoms (PNS) are described as continuing moderate negative symptoms. More severe negative symptoms have been associated with poor premorbid functioning in both chronic schizophrenia and first episode psychosis patients. Furthermore, youth at clinical high risk (CHR) for developing psychosis may also present with negative symptoms and poor premorbid functioning. The aim of this current study was to: (1) define the relationship between PNS and premorbid functioning, life events, trauma and bullying, previous cannabis use, and resource utilization, and (2) to examine what explanatory variables best predicted PNS. METHOD: CHR participants (N = 709) were recruited from the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS 2). Participants were divided into two groups: those with PNS (n = 67) versus those without PNS (n = 673). A K-means cluster analysis was conducted to distinguish patterns of premorbid functioning across the different developmental stages. The relationships between premorbid adjustment and other variables were examined using independent samples t-tests or chi square for categorical variables. RESULTS: There was significantly more males in the PNS group. Participants with PNS had significantly lower levels of premorbid adjustment in childhood, early adolescence, and late adolescence, compared to CHR participants without PNS. There were no differences between the groups in terms of trauma, bullying, and resource utilization. The non-PNS group had more cannabis use and more desirable and non-desirable life events. CONCLUSION: In terms of better understanding relationships between early factors and PNS, a prominent factor associated with PNS was premorbid functioning, in particular poor premorbid functioning in later adolescence. CI - Copyright (c) 2023 Devoe, Lui, Cannon, Cadenhead, Cornblatt, Keshavan, McGlashan, Perkins, Seidman, Stone, Tsuang, Woods, Walker, Mathalon, Bearden and Addington. FAU - Devoe, Daniel J AU - Devoe DJ AD - Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. AD - Department of Psychology, Mount Royal University, Calgary, AB, Canada. FAU - Lui, Lu AU - Lui L AD - Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. FAU - Cannon, Tyrone D AU - Cannon TD AD - Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States. FAU - Cadenhead, Kristin Suzanne AU - Cadenhead KS AD - Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States. FAU - Cornblatt, Barbara A AU - Cornblatt BA AD - Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Queens, NY, United States. FAU - Keshavan, Matcheri AU - Keshavan M AD - Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston, MA, United States. FAU - McGlashan, Tom H AU - McGlashan TH AD - Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States. FAU - Perkins, Diana O AU - Perkins DO AD - Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States. FAU - Seidman, Larry J AU - Seidman LJ AD - Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston, MA, United States. FAU - Stone, William S AU - Stone WS AD - Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston, MA, United States. FAU - Tsuang, Ming T AU - Tsuang MT AD - Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States. AD - Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States. FAU - Woods, Scott W AU - Woods SW AD - Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States. FAU - Walker, Elaine F AU - Walker EF AD - Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States. FAU - Mathalon, Daniel H AU - Mathalon DH AD - Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States. AD - Psychiatry Service, San Francisco, CA, United States. FAU - Bearden, Carrie E AU - Bearden CE AD - Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States. AD - Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States. FAU - Addington, Jean AU - Addington J AD - Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. LA - eng GR - P50 HD103573/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article DEP - 20230524 PL - Switzerland TA - Front Psychiatry JT - Frontiers in psychiatry JID - 101545006 PMC - PMC10244495 OTO - NOTNLM OT - cannabis OT - clinical high risk OT - early factors OT - life events OT - persistent negative symptoms OT - premorbid functioning OT - psychosis OT - trauma COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. EDAT- 2023/06/09 06:42 MHDA- 2023/06/09 06:43 PMCR- 2023/05/24 CRDT- 2023/06/09 04:35 PHST- 2022/12/16 00:00 [received] PHST- 2023/04/18 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2023/06/09 06:43 [medline] PHST- 2023/06/09 06:42 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/06/09 04:35 [entrez] PHST- 2023/05/24 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1125168 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Front Psychiatry. 2023 May 24;14:1125168. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1125168. eCollection 2023.