PMID- 37313077
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230615
IS  - 2168-8184 (Print)
IS  - 2168-8184 (Electronic)
IS  - 2168-8184 (Linking)
VI  - 15
IP  - 5
DP  - 2023 May
TI  - Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A 
      Cross-Sectional Study.
PG  - e38952
LID - 10.7759/cureus.38952 [doi]
LID - e38952
AB  - Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common 
      non-communicable diseases, causing a high mortality rate globally. Vitamin D 
      deficiency has been reported as a rising pandemic. Vitamin D levels have been 
      found to be associated with obesity and insulin resistance. However, there is not 
      much research done to study the various factors associated with the association 
      between vitamin D levels and diabetes mellitus in the Indian population. 
      Objective The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of vitamin D 
      deficiency in T2DM patients and find the factors associated with vitamin D levels 
      among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Materials and methods A cross-sectional 
      analytical study was planned and done in the Urban Health Training Centre of Dr. 
      D.Y. Patil Medical College. The sample size was calculated using published data 
      on prevalence. Data from 116 T2DM patients were collected using a questionnaire 
      about their socio-economic status, dietary patterns, outdoor activities, 
      exercise, drug and supplement intake, occupation, and symptoms, which was filled 
      out by the participants after written informed consent. Levels of serum vitamin D 
      were estimated from the blood samples taken from the participants. Statistical 
      analysis was done using MedCalc software. Results Vitamin D deficiency was found 
      in 86 (74.14%) out of 116 diabetic patients. There were 63 males, and 71.43% of 
      them had lower-than-normal vitamin D levels. The number of female participants 
      was 53, and 77.36% were found to suffer from vitamin D deficiency. There were 88 
      obese participants, and only 22.73% were found to have sufficient levels of 
      vitamin D. Conclusion The results depict a high prevalence of vitamin D 
      deficiency in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Regular supplementation of 
      vitamin D for diabetic patients can prevent them from developing any further 
      complications. Increasing awareness about a healthy lifestyle, a proper diet, 
      adequate sunlight, and exercise can help keep most non-communicable diseases at 
      bay. Additional studies should be done to understand the pathophysiology better, 
      which can aid in preventing diseases in the beginning stages of development.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2023, Vijay et al.
FAU - Vijay, Gopika S
AU  - Vijay GS
AD  - Community Medicine, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Center, 
      Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, IND.
FAU - Ghonge, Swati
AU  - Ghonge S
AD  - Community Medicine, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Center, 
      Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, IND.
FAU - Vajjala, Sai Mahesh
AU  - Vajjala SM
AD  - Community Medicine, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Center, 
      Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, IND.
FAU - Palal, Deepu
AU  - Palal D
AD  - Community Medicine, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Center, 
      Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, IND.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230512
PL  - United States
TA  - Cureus
JT  - Cureus
JID - 101596737
PMC - PMC10258395
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - diabetes mellitus type 2
OT  - non-communicable disease
OT  - obesity
OT  - prevalence
OT  - prevention
OT  - vitamin-d deficiency
COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2023/06/14 06:42
MHDA- 2023/06/14 06:43
PMCR- 2023/05/12
CRDT- 2023/06/14 03:51
PHST- 2023/05/10 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/06/14 06:43 [medline]
PHST- 2023/06/14 06:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/06/14 03:51 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/05/12 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.7759/cureus.38952 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Cureus. 2023 May 12;15(5):e38952. doi: 10.7759/cureus.38952. eCollection 2023 
      May.