PMID- 37316624
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230717
LR  - 20240327
IS  - 1614-7499 (Electronic)
IS  - 0944-1344 (Linking)
VI  - 30
IP  - 33
DP  - 2023 Jul
TI  - Sustainability energy security: 20 years assessment of the West African Nations 
      using a comprehensive entropy-TOPSIS analysis.
PG  - 81093-81112
LID - 10.1007/s11356-023-28116-5 [doi]
AB  - Energy security in Africa has become a crucial issue in recent times due to the 
      imminent lack of access to electricity, increasing energy demand informed by 
      economic growth, population growth, and forecasts that point to business as usual 
      on the continent based on these variables. While the West African region has 
      abundant energy resources, they have not yet been translated into sustainable 
      energy security, as it pertains to energy availability. This is a persistent 
      challenge that needs to be addressed to support economic growth and social 
      development in the region. Therefore, this study aims to assess the sustainable 
      energy security in five West African countries (Nigeria, Senegal, Ghana, Cote 
      d'Ivoire, and Togo), using nine energy security indicators and taking into 
      cognizance, the energy, economic, social, and environmental security dimensions. 
      The entropy-TOPSIS methodology of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) is used 
      in estimating the energy security index across 20 years (2000-2019). The result 
      showed that the situation in Cote d'Ivoire is reported to be "safe" in terms of 
      sustainable energy security. It is reported that in Togo, energy security is at a 
      "dangerous" level, which is ultimately tied to the low energy, economic, and 
      societal security in the country. The findings of this study could be valuable 
      for policymakers working on energy and climate policy at the national and 
      regional levels. Based on the results, it may be necessary to take stronger legal 
      action to ensure the implementation of energy security goals in the West African 
      countries, which have struggled to meet their targets and have faced challenges 
      in implementing policies at the desired pace.
CI  - (c) 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, 
      part of Springer Nature.
FAU - Adun, Humphrey
AU  - Adun H
AD  - Energy Systems Engineering Department, Cyprus International University, 
      Haspolat-Lefkosa, 10, Mersin, Turkey. humphreyadun@gmail.com.
AD  - Operational Research Centre in Healthcare, Near east university, TRNC Mersin 10, 
      99138, Nicosia, Turkey. humphreyadun@gmail.com.
AD  - Center for Applied Research in Business, Economics and Technology (CARBET), 
      Cyprus International University, Haspolat-Lefkosa, 10, Mersin , Turkey. 
      humphreyadun@gmail.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230614
PL  - Germany
TA  - Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
JT  - Environmental science and pollution research international
JID - 9441769
SB  - IM
MH  - *Entropy
MH  - Cote d'Ivoire
MH  - Ghana
MH  - Nigeria
MH  - Senegal
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Economic growth
OT  - Entropy-TOPSIS
OT  - Policies
OT  - Sustainable energy security
OT  - West Africa
EDAT- 2023/06/15 01:08
MHDA- 2023/07/17 06:42
CRDT- 2023/06/14 23:24
PHST- 2023/01/13 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/06/01 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/07/17 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2023/06/15 01:08 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/06/14 23:24 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s11356-023-28116-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s11356-023-28116-5 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Jul;30(33):81093-81112. doi: 
      10.1007/s11356-023-28116-5. Epub 2023 Jun 14.