PMID- 37322619
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230809
LR  - 20230809
IS  - 1600-0838 (Electronic)
IS  - 0905-7188 (Linking)
VI  - 33
IP  - 9
DP  - 2023 Sep
TI  - Environmental heat stress offsets adaptation associated with carbohydrate 
      periodization in trained male triathletes.
PG  - 1677-1689
LID - 10.1111/sms.14430 [doi]
AB  - PURPOSE: Carbohydrate (CHO) intake periodization via the sleep low train low 
      (SL-TL) diet-exercise model increases fat oxidation during exercise and may 
      enhance endurance-training adaptation and performance. Conversely, training under 
      environmental heat stress increases CHO oxidation, but the potential of combined 
      SL-TL and heat stress to enhance metabolic and performance outcomes is unknown. 
      METHODS: Twenty-three endurance-trained males were randomly assigned to either 
      control (n = 7, CON), SL-TL (n = 8, SL(Temp) ) or SL-TL + heat stress (n = 8, 
      SL(Heat) ) groups and prescribed identical 2-week cycling training interventions. 
      CON and SL(Temp) completed all sessions at 20 degrees C, but SL(Heat) at 35 degrees C. All groups 
      consumed matched CHO intake (6 g.kg(-1) .day(-1) ) but timed differently to 
      promote low CHO availability overnight and during morning exercise in both SL 
      groups. Submaximal substrate utilization was assessed (at 20 degrees C), and 30-min 
      performance tests (at 20 and 35 degrees C) were performed Pre-, Post-, and 1-week 
      post-intervention (Post+1). RESULTS: SL(Temp) improved fat oxidation rates at 60% 
      MAP (~66% VO(2peak) ) at Post+1 compared with CON (p < 0.01). Compared with 
      SL(Temp) , fat oxidation rates were significantly lower in SL(Heat) at Post 
      (p = 0.02) and Post+1 (p < 0.05). Compared with CON, performance was improved at 
      Post in SL(Temp) in temperate conditions. Performance was not different between 
      any groups or time points in hot conditions. CONCLUSION: SL-TL enhanced metabolic 
      adaptation and performance compared with CON and combined SL-TL and heat stress. 
      Additional environmental heat stress may impair positive adaptations associated 
      with SL-TL.
CI  - (c) 2023 The Authors. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science In Sports 
      published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
FAU - Bennett, Samuel
AU  - Bennett S
AD  - Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science (RISES), Liverpool John Moores 
      University, Liverpool, UK.
AD  - Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), French Institute of Sport, 
      Paris, France.
FAU - Tiollier, Eve
AU  - Tiollier E
AD  - Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), French Institute of Sport, 
      Paris, France.
FAU - Guibert, Elodie
AU  - Guibert E
AD  - Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), French Institute of Sport, 
      Paris, France.
FAU - Morales-Artacho, Antonio
AU  - Morales-Artacho A
AD  - Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), French Institute of Sport, 
      Paris, France.
FAU - Lalire, Paul
AU  - Lalire P
AD  - French Triathlon Federation (FFTri), Saint-Denis, France.
FAU - Owens, Daniel J
AU  - Owens DJ
AD  - Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science (RISES), Liverpool John Moores 
      University, Liverpool, UK.
FAU - Morton, James P
AU  - Morton JP
AD  - Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science (RISES), Liverpool John Moores 
      University, Liverpool, UK.
FAU - Brocherie, Franck
AU  - Brocherie F
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0808-7986
AD  - Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), French Institute of Sport, 
      Paris, France.
FAU - Louis, Julien
AU  - Louis J
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9109-0958
AD  - Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science (RISES), Liverpool John Moores 
      University, Liverpool, UK.
AD  - Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), French Institute of Sport, 
      Paris, France.
LA  - eng
GR  - French Ministry of Sport/
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
DEP - 20230615
PL  - Denmark
TA  - Scand J Med Sci Sports
JT  - Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
JID - 9111504
RN  - 0 (Dietary Carbohydrates)
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - *Dietary Carbohydrates
MH  - *Physical Endurance
MH  - Exercise
MH  - Diet
MH  - Adaptation, Physiological
MH  - Heat-Shock Response
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - cycling performance
OT  - diet-exercise strategy
OT  - endurance training
OT  - heat acclimation
OT  - metabolism
OT  - nutrition
EDAT- 2023/06/16 06:42
MHDA- 2023/08/09 06:43
CRDT- 2023/06/16 00:23
PHST- 2023/06/01 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/03/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/06/02 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/08/09 06:43 [medline]
PHST- 2023/06/16 06:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/06/16 00:23 [entrez]
AID - 10.1111/sms.14430 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2023 Sep;33(9):1677-1689. doi: 10.1111/sms.14430. Epub 
      2023 Jun 15.