PMID- 37325286 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20230618 IS - 2296-9195 (Print) IS - 2296-9160 (Electronic) IS - 2296-9160 (Linking) VI - 9 IP - 3 DP - 2023 Jun TI - Two Novel Human Leukocyte Antigen Alleles Are Associated with Decreased Risk of Onychomycosis in a Large Cohort of Danish Blood Donors. PG - 195-202 LID - 10.1159/000529092 [doi] AB - INTRODUCTION: Antigen presentation and antimicrobial immune responses involve the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system. Onychomycosis is primarily caused by dermatophytes and affects around 5.5% of the population worldwide. Yet, only limited data exist on the associations between the HLA system and onychomycosis. Thus, the objective of the study was to investigate if there is an association between HLA alleles and onychomycosis. METHODS: Participants in the Danish Blood Donor Study were defined as cases of onychomycosis and controls based on antifungal prescriptions in the national prescription registry. Associations were investigated using logistic regressions adjusted for confounders and were Bonferroni corrected for multiple tests. RESULTS: A total of 3,665 participants were considered onychomycosis cases, and 24,144 participants were considered controls. We found two protective HLA alleles of onychomycosis: DQB1*06:04, odds ratios (OR) 0.80 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.71-0.90), and DRB1*13:02, OR 0.79 (95% CI: 0.71-0.89). CONCLUSION: The finding of two novel protective alleles of onychomycosis indicates that certain HLA alleles have certain antigen presentation properties affecting the risk of fungal infection. These findings may provide the basis for future research identifying immunologically relevant antigens of fungi causing onychomycosis, which could ultimately lead to targets of new drugs with antifungal effects. CI - Copyright (c) 2023 by S. Karger AG, Basel. FAU - Lindso Andersen, Pernille AU - Lindso Andersen P AD - Department of Dermatology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark. AD - Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Koge, Denmark. FAU - Jemec, Gregor Borut Ernst AU - Jemec GBE AD - Department of Dermatology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark. AD - Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. FAU - Erikstrup, Christian AU - Erikstrup C AD - Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. FAU - Didriksen, Maria AU - Didriksen M AD - Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. FAU - Dinh, Khoa Manh AU - Dinh KM AD - Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. AD - Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. FAU - Mikkelsen, Susan AU - Mikkelsen S AD - Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. FAU - Bruun, Mie Topholm AU - Bruun MT AD - Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark. FAU - Hjalgrim, Henrik AU - Hjalgrim H AD - Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark. AD - Danish Cancer Society Research Center Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark. AD - Department of Haematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. FAU - Hansen, Thomas Folkmann AU - Hansen TF AD - The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. AD - Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark. FAU - Saekmose, Susanne Gjorup AU - Saekmose SG AD - Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Koge, Denmark. FAU - Ostrowski, Sisse Rye AU - Ostrowski SR AD - Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. AD - Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. FAU - Pedersen, Ole Birger AU - Pedersen OB AD - Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Koge, Denmark. AD - Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. FAU - Saunte, Ditte Marie AU - Saunte DM AD - Department of Dermatology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark. AD - Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20230215 PL - Switzerland TA - Skin Appendage Disord JT - Skin appendage disorders JID - 101670617 PMC - PMC10264904 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Blood donors OT - Dermatophyte OT - Major histocompatibility complex OT - Nail fungus OT - Onychomycosis OT - Tinea COIS- P.L.A. received support from Naestved, Slagelse, and Ringsted Hospitals' Research Fund and a PhD grant from LEO Foundation (Grant No.: LF18002). D.M.S. reports grants from LEO Pharma, during the conduct of the study and personal fees from Janssen, LEO Pharma, Novartis, and Novozymes outside the submitted work. G.B.J. reports grants from the Leo Research Foundation, during the conduct of the study; personal fees from ChemoCentryx, Coloplast, LEO Pharma, AFYX, Incyte, InflaRx, Janssen-Cilag, Novartis, UCB, Sanofi, Kymera, Viela Bio, Union Therapeutics, TOOsonix, and Boehringer Ingelheim; and grants from AbbVie, CSL Behring, and Regeneron, outside the submitted work. T.F.H., M.T.B., K.M.D., C.E., S.G.S., S.R.O., M.D., S.M., H.H., and O.B.P. have no conflicts of interest to disclose. EDAT- 2023/06/16 06:42 MHDA- 2023/06/16 06:43 PMCR- 2024/06/01 CRDT- 2023/06/16 04:22 PHST- 2022/08/16 00:00 [received] PHST- 2023/01/07 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2024/06/01 00:00 [pmc-release] PHST- 2023/06/16 06:43 [medline] PHST- 2023/06/16 06:42 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/06/16 04:22 [entrez] AID - sad-0009-0195 [pii] AID - 10.1159/000529092 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Skin Appendage Disord. 2023 Jun;9(3):195-202. doi: 10.1159/000529092. Epub 2023 Feb 15.