PMID- 37347204 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20231106 LR - 20231116 IS - 1520-6300 (Electronic) IS - 1042-0533 (Linking) VI - 35 IP - 11 DP - 2023 Nov TI - MULT: A new BMI reference to assess nutritional status of multi-ethnic children and adolescents. PG - e23946 LID - 10.1002/ajhb.23946 [doi] AB - OBJECTIVES: To develop a new Body Mass Index (BMI) reference (MULT) based on longitudinal data of multi-ethnic populations and to compare it to international BMI references. METHODS: The MULT BMI reference was constructed through the LMS method and the Generalized Additive Models for Location Scale and Shape (GAMLSS), with 81 310 observations of 17 505 subjects aged 0-22 years old, from the United Kingdom, Ethiopia, Peru, India, Vietnam, Brazil, and Portugal. Outlier values were removed based on weight z-scores (population level) and based on BMI z-scores using the linear mixed effects model (individual level). The MULT M, S and L curves were compared to the ones of the World Health Organization (WHO), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), International Obesity Task Force (IOTF), and Dutch Growth Study (DUTCH). The MULT BMI percentile cutoffs for overweight and obesity were calculated using the adult BMI values of 25 and 30 kg/m(2) at 17, 18, 19, and 20 years old. RESULTS: MULT presented the lowest mean BMI values for the ages 102-240 months for boys and 114-220 months for girls. MULT S values were similar to the WHO and IOTF for children under 60 months of age and the highest during puberty, while the L curve showed to be more symmetric than the other BMI references. CONCLUSION: The MULT BMI reference was constructed based on recent data of populations from 10 countries, being a good option to assess the nutritional status of multi-ethnic populations. CI - (c) 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC. FAU - de Oliveira, Mariane Helen AU - de Oliveira MH AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6552-3430 AD - Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. FAU - Araujo, Joana AU - Araujo J AD - EPIUnit - Instituto de Saude Publica da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. AD - Laboratorio para a Investigacao Integrativa e Translacional em Saude Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal. AD - Departamento de Ciencias da Saude Publica e Forenses, e Educacao Medica - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. FAU - Severo, Milton AU - Severo M AD - EPIUnit - Instituto de Saude Publica da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. AD - Laboratorio para a Investigacao Integrativa e Translacional em Saude Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal. AD - Departamento de Ensino Pre-Graduado, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. FAU - Rodrigues, Kevin Allan Sales AU - Rodrigues KAS AD - Department of Statistics, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. FAU - Conde, Wolney Lisboa AU - Conde WL AD - Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20230622 PL - United States TA - Am J Hum Biol JT - American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council JID - 8915029 SB - IM MH - Male MH - Adult MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Child MH - Adolescent MH - Infant, Newborn MH - Infant MH - Child, Preschool MH - Young Adult MH - Body Mass Index MH - *Nutritional Status MH - Reference Values MH - *Obesity MH - Overweight/epidemiology MH - Prevalence EDAT- 2023/06/22 13:09 MHDA- 2023/11/06 06:42 CRDT- 2023/06/22 10:13 PHST- 2023/05/29 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2023/04/03 00:00 [received] PHST- 2023/06/08 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2023/11/06 06:42 [medline] PHST- 2023/06/22 13:09 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/06/22 10:13 [entrez] AID - 10.1002/ajhb.23946 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Am J Hum Biol. 2023 Nov;35(11):e23946. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.23946. Epub 2023 Jun 22.