PMID- 37349081
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20231006
LR  - 20231011
IS  - 2233-6087 (Electronic)
IS  - 2233-6079 (Print)
IS  - 2233-6079 (Linking)
VI  - 47
IP  - 5
DP  - 2023 Sep
TI  - Low Household Income Status and Death from Pneumonia in People with Type 2 
      Diabetes Mellitus: A Nationwide Study.
PG  - 682-692
LID - 10.4093/dmj.2022.0184 [doi]
AB  - BACKGRUOUND: We explored the risk of death from pneumonia according to cumulative 
      duration in low household income state (LHIS) among adults with type 2 diabetes 
      mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: Using Korean National Health Insurance Service data 
      (2002 to 2018), the hazards of mortality from pneumonia were analyzed according 
      to duration in LHIS (being registered to Medical Aid) during the 5 years before 
      baseline (0, 1-4, and 5 years) among adults with T2DM who underwent health 
      examinations between 2009 and 2012 (n=2,503,581). Hazards of outcomes were also 
      compared in six groups categorized by insulin use and duration in LHIS. RESULTS: 
      During a median 7.18 years, 12,245 deaths from pneumonia occurred. Individuals 
      who had been exposed to LHIS had higher hazards of death from pneumonia in a 
      dose-response manner (hazard ratio [HR], 1.726; 95% confidence interval [CI], 
      1.568 to 1.899 and HR, 4.686; 95% CI, 3.948 to 5.562 in those exposed for 1-4 and 
      5 years, respectively) compared to the non-exposed reference. Insulin users 
      exposed for 5 years to LHIS exhibited the highest outcome hazard among six groups 
      categorized by insulin use and duration in LHIS. CONCLUSION: Among adults with 
      T2DM, cumulative duration in LHIS may predict increased risks of mortality from 
      pneumonia in a graded dose-response manner. Insulin users with the longest 
      duration in LHIS might be the group most vulnerable to death from pneumonia among 
      adults with T2DM.
FAU - Lee, You-Bin
AU  - Lee YB
AD  - Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical 
      Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
FAU - Park, So Hee
AU  - Park SH
AD  - Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical 
      Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
FAU - Lee, Kyu-Na
AU  - Lee KN
AD  - Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic 
      University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
FAU - Kim, Bongsung
AU  - Kim B
AD  - Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, 
      Korea.
FAU - Kwon, So Yoon
AU  - Kwon SY
AD  - Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical 
      Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
FAU - Park, Jiyun
AU  - Park J
AD  - Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical 
      Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
FAU - Kim, Gyuri
AU  - Kim G
AD  - Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical 
      Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
FAU - Jin, Sang-Man
AU  - Jin SM
AD  - Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical 
      Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
FAU - Hur, Kyu Yeon
AU  - Hur KY
AD  - Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical 
      Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
FAU - Han, Kyungdo
AU  - Han K
AD  - Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, 
      Korea.
FAU - Kim, Jae Hyeon
AU  - Kim JH
AD  - Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical 
      Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
AD  - Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute 
      for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20230622
PL  - Korea (South)
TA  - Diabetes Metab J
JT  - Diabetes & metabolism journal
JID - 101556588
RN  - 0 (Insulin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications/epidemiology
MH  - Insulin/therapeutic use
MH  - Socioeconomic Factors
MH  - *Pneumonia/epidemiology
PMC - PMC10555537
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Diabetes mellitus, type 2
OT  - Income
OT  - Mortality
OT  - Pneumonia
OT  - Social class
COIS- CONFLICTS OF INTEREST Kyu Yeon Hur was editorial board member of the Diabetes & 
      Metabolism Journal from 2020 to 2021. Sang-Man Jin has been associate editor of 
      the Diabetes & Metabolism Journal since 2022. They were not involved in the 
      review process of this article. Otherwise, there was no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2023/06/23 01:10
MHDA- 2023/10/06 06:43
PMCR- 2023/09/01
CRDT- 2023/06/22 21:02
PHST- 2022/05/26 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/08/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/10/06 06:43 [medline]
PHST- 2023/06/23 01:10 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/06/22 21:02 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/09/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - dmj.2022.0184 [pii]
AID - dmj-2022-0184 [pii]
AID - 10.4093/dmj.2022.0184 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Diabetes Metab J. 2023 Sep;47(5):682-692. doi: 10.4093/dmj.2022.0184. Epub 2023 
      Jun 22.