PMID- 37356794
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230814
LR  - 20230814
IS  - 1873-6424 (Electronic)
IS  - 0269-7491 (Linking)
VI  - 333
DP  - 2023 Sep 15
TI  - Pollution characteristics, distribution, and source analysis of carbazole and 
      polyhalogenated carbazoles in coastal areas of Bohai Bay, China.
PG  - 122103
LID - S0269-7491(23)01105-3 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122103 [doi]
AB  - Polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) are a class of emerging environmental 
      contaminants formed by the substitution of hydrogen on carbazole (CZ) benzene 
      rings with halogens (Cl, Br, I) with potential dioxin-like toxicity, and they 
      have been frequently detected in various environmental media and organisms 
      recently. Nevertheless, co-research of CZ/PHCZs with PAHs is very limited. In 
      addition, I-PHCZs, which are believed to be much more toxic than CZ, Cl-PHCZs and 
      Br-PHCZs, have a few data in sediments previously. The concentration and 
      distribution of CZ/PHCZs and PAHs were analyzed in 18 surface sediments of Bohai 
      Bay, China. There is a significant correlation (R = 0.64, P＜0.05) between PHCZs 
      and PAHs, and principal component analysis (PCA) also indicating that they may 
      have a certain similarity in origin. Additionally, total CZ and PHCZs was up to 
      230.57 ng/g dw in the studied samples, which was approximately 1-2 orders of 
      magnitude lower than PAHs and other common persistent organic pollutants (POPs). 
      The compositions of the CZ/PHCZs in our study were dominated by CZ (2.74-18.28, 
      median 2.92 ng/g dw), 3,6-dichlorocarbazole (n.d-6.78, median 0.97 ng/g dw) and 
      3,6-iodocarbazole (n.d-12.68, median 1.65 ng/g dw). Results of this study 
      discovered the varying origins of CZ and PHCZs and/or a complexity of 
      anthropogenic in fl uences and natural sources processes, and revealed a wide 
      distribution of CZ/PHCZs across the studied. Moreover, more attention should be 
      paid by comparing CZ/PHCZs with other widely distributed POPs.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Ma, Luyao
AU  - Ma L
AD  - School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 
      300350, China.
FAU - Li, Yuna
AU  - Li Y
AD  - School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 
      300350, China.
FAU - Zhang, Xiaohan
AU  - Zhang X
AD  - School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 
      300350, China.
FAU - Zhang, Ying
AU  - Zhang Y
AD  - School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 
      300350, China. Electronic address: zy-n@163.com.
FAU - Niu, Zhiguang
AU  - Niu Z
AD  - School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 
      300350, China; The International Joint Institute of Tianjin University, Fuzhou, 
      350207, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230623
PL  - England
TA  - Environ Pollut
JT  - Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)
JID - 8804476
RN  - 0P2197HHHN (carbazole)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
RN  - 0 (Carbazoles)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Bays
MH  - *Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
MH  - Carbazoles/toxicity
MH  - China
MH  - Environmental Monitoring
MH  - Geologic Sediments/analysis
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Bohai bay
OT  - Distribution
OT  - PCA
OT  - PHCZs
OT  - Sediment
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2023/06/26 00:41
MHDA- 2023/08/14 06:43
CRDT- 2023/06/25 19:18
PHST- 2022/11/04 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/05/31 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/06/22 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/08/14 06:43 [medline]
PHST- 2023/06/26 00:41 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/06/25 19:18 [entrez]
AID - S0269-7491(23)01105-3 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122103 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Pollut. 2023 Sep 15;333:122103. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122103. Epub 
      2023 Jun 23.