PMID- 37359409
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230701
IS  - 2398-8835 (Electronic)
IS  - 2398-8835 (Linking)
VI  - 6
IP  - 6
DP  - 2023 Jun
TI  - Better understanding extrapulmonary tuberculosis: A scoping review of public 
      health impact in Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, and Bangladesh.
PG  - e1357
LID - 10.1002/hsr2.1357 [doi]
LID - e1357
AB  - BACKGROUND AND AIMS: South Asian countries, including Pakistan, Afghanistan, 
      India, and Bangladesh, have a high prevalence of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary 
      tuberculosis (EPTB). This prevalence is influenced by various risk factors such 
      as ethnicity, nutrition, socioeconomic disparities, high out-of-pocket healthcare 
      expenses, and specific Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (TB) lineages. The COVID-19 
      pandemic has likely hindered access to healthcare and led to under-reporting of 
      EPTB cases nationally and internationally. This rapid review aimed to summarize 
      the literature on the prevalence and disease outcomes of EPTB in the mentioned 
      countries, compare the situations across countries, and provide recommendations 
      for future action. METHODS: The review utilized PubMed and Google Scholar 
      databases to search for literature on EPTB in South Asian countries. The search 
      string included keywords related to different forms of EPTB and the countries of 
      interest while excluding pulmonary tuberculosis. RESULTS: The results showed that 
      both TB, including drug-resistant TB, and EPTB are prevalent and burdensome in 
      South Asia. In Pakistan, pleural TB was the most commonly reported form of EPTB, 
      followed by lymph node TB, abdominal TB, osteoarticular TB, Central Nervous 
      System TB, and miliary TB. In India, lymph node TB(LNTB) was more common among 
      EPTB cases. Bangladesh reported a high prevalence of EPTB involving lymph node, 
      pleura, and abdomen, while Afghanistan had a higher prevalence of forms such as 
      LNTB and tuberculous meningitis. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the prevalence of 
      EPTB in Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, and Bangladesh is alarmingly high and 
      negatively impacts population health. Effective measures are needed for treatment 
      and management of this condition, along with addressing current and future 
      challenges. Strengthening the evidence base through surveillance and research is 
      crucial to understand the patterns and significant factors related to EPTB, 
      requiring investment in these areas.
CI  - (c) 2023 The Authors. Health Science Reports published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
FAU - Jawed, Areesha
AU  - Jawed A
AD  - Department of Medicine Dow Medical College Karachi Pakistan.
FAU - Tharwani, Zoaib Habib
AU  - Tharwani ZH
AD  - Department of Medicine Dow Medical College Karachi Pakistan.
FAU - Siddiqui, Amna
AU  - Siddiqui A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9372-0362
AD  - Karachi Medical and Dental College Karachi Pakistan.
FAU - Masood, Waniyah
AU  - Masood W
AD  - Department of Medicine Dow Medical College Karachi Pakistan.
FAU - Qamar, Khulud
AU  - Qamar K
AD  - Department of Medicine Dow Medical College Karachi Pakistan.
FAU - Islam, Zarmina
AU  - Islam Z
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0485-0032
AD  - Department of Medicine Dow Medical College Karachi Pakistan.
FAU - Jawed, Aleeza
AU  - Jawed A
AD  - The Ziauddin Medical University Karachi Sindh Pakistan.
FAU - Shah, Muzhgan
AU  - Shah M
AD  - Bolan University of Medical and Health Sciences Quetta Pakistan.
FAU - Adnan, Alishba
AU  - Adnan A
AD  - Karachi Medical and Dental College Karachi Pakistan.
FAU - Essar, Mohammad Yasir
AU  - Essar MY
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6554-7619
AD  - Kabul University of Medical Sciences Kabul Afghanistan.
FAU - Rackimuthu, Sudhan
AU  - Rackimuthu S
AD  - Father Muller Medical College Mangalore Karnataka India.
FAU - Head, Michael G
AU  - Head MG
AD  - Clinical Informatics Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton 
      Southampton UK.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230622
PL  - United States
TA  - Health Sci Rep
JT  - Health science reports
JID - 101728855
PMC - PMC10287908
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - LNTB
OT  - Mycobacterium tuberculosis
OT  - SARS-COV-2
OT  - South Asia
OT  - TBM
OT  - extrapulmonary tuberculosis
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2023/06/26 19:07
MHDA- 2023/06/26 19:08
PMCR- 2023/06/22
CRDT- 2023/06/26 12:23
PHST- 2023/04/04 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/06/08 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/06/26 19:08 [medline]
PHST- 2023/06/26 19:07 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/06/26 12:23 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/06/22 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - HSR21357 [pii]
AID - 10.1002/hsr2.1357 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Health Sci Rep. 2023 Jun 22;6(6):e1357. doi: 10.1002/hsr2.1357. eCollection 2023 
      Jun.