PMID- 37373473
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230629
LR  - 20230701
IS  - 1422-0067 (Electronic)
IS  - 1422-0067 (Linking)
VI  - 24
IP  - 12
DP  - 2023 Jun 19
TI  - Long-Term Influence of PCB- and PBDE-Spiked Microplastic Spheres Fed through 
      Rotifers to Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) Larvae.
LID - 10.3390/ijms241210326 [doi]
LID - 10326
AB  - Omnipresent microplastics (MPs) in marine ecosystems are ingested at all trophic 
      levels and may be a vector for the transfer of persistent organic pollutants 
      (POPs) through the food web. We fed rotifers polyethylene MPs (1-4 microm) spiked 
      with seven congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and two congeners of 
      polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). In turn, these rotifers were fed to cod 
      larvae from 2-30 days post-hatching (dph), while the control groups were fed 
      rotifers without MPs. After 30 dph, all the groups were fed the same feed without 
      MPs. Whole-body larvae were sampled at 30 and 60 dph, and four months later the 
      skin of 10 g juveniles was sampled. The PCBs and PBDEs concentrations were 
      significantly higher in MP larvae compared to the control larvae at 30 dph, but 
      the significance dissipated at 60 dph. Expression of stress-related genes in cod 
      larvae at 30 and 60 dph showed inconclusive minor random effects. The skin of MP 
      juveniles showed disrupted epithelial integrity, fewer club cells and 
      downregulation of a suite of genes involved in immunity, metabolism and the 
      development of skin. Our study showed that POPs were transferred through the food 
      web and accumulated in the larvae, but that the level of pollutants decreased 
      once the exposure was ceased, possibly related to growth dilution. Considering 
      the transcriptomic and histological findings, POPs spiked to MPs and/or MPs 
      themselves may have long-term effects in the skin barrier defense system, immune 
      response and epithelium integrity, which may potentially reduce the robustness 
      and overall fitness of the fish.
FAU - Bogevik, Andre S
AU  - Bogevik AS
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5269-4329
AD  - Nofima, Muninbakken 9-13, Breivika, 9019 Tromso, Norway.
FAU - Puvanendran, Velmurugu
AU  - Puvanendran V
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4416-7000
AD  - Nofima, Muninbakken 9-13, Breivika, 9019 Tromso, Norway.
FAU - Vorkamp, Katrin
AU  - Vorkamp K
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1131-5687
AD  - Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
FAU - Burgerhout, Erik
AU  - Burgerhout E
AD  - Nofima, Muninbakken 9-13, Breivika, 9019 Tromso, Norway.
FAU - Hansen, Oyvind
AU  - Hansen O
AD  - Nofima, Muninbakken 9-13, Breivika, 9019 Tromso, Norway.
FAU - Fernandez-Miguez, Maria
AU  - Fernandez-Miguez M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9465-5467
AD  - Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
FAU - Krasnov, Aleksei
AU  - Krasnov A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1892-6333
AD  - Nofima, Muninbakken 9-13, Breivika, 9019 Tromso, Norway.
FAU - Afanasyev, Sergey
AU  - Afanasyev S
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8393-820X
AD  - Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy 
      of Sciences, Torez 44, 194223 Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
FAU - Host, Vibeke
AU  - Host V
AD  - Nofima, Muninbakken 9-13, Breivika, 9019 Tromso, Norway.
FAU - Ytteborg, Elisabeth
AU  - Ytteborg E
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3131-020X
AD  - Nofima, Muninbakken 9-13, Breivika, 9019 Tromso, Norway.
LA  - eng
GR  - 255267/The Research Council of Norway/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230619
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int J Mol Sci
JT  - International journal of molecular sciences
JID - 101092791
RN  - DFC2HB4I0K (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)
RN  - 7REL09ZX35 (pentabromodiphenyl ether)
RN  - 0 (Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers)
RN  - 0 (Plastics)
RN  - 0 (Microplastics)
RN  - 0 (Environmental Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - *Polychlorinated Biphenyls/toxicity
MH  - *Gadus morhua/metabolism
MH  - Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers/toxicity
MH  - Plastics/metabolism
MH  - Larva/metabolism
MH  - Microplastics/toxicity
MH  - Ecosystem
MH  - *Rotifera
MH  - *Environmental Pollutants/metabolism
MH  - *Water Pollutants, Chemical/metabolism
PMC - PMC10299254
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - fish larvae
OT  - food webs
OT  - lipid structures
OT  - persistent organic pollutants (POPs)
OT  - plastic pollutants
OT  - skin barriers
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2023/06/28 06:42
MHDA- 2023/06/29 06:43
PMCR- 2023/06/19
CRDT- 2023/06/28 01:20
PHST- 2023/04/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/06/02 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/06/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/06/29 06:43 [medline]
PHST- 2023/06/28 06:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/06/28 01:20 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/06/19 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijms241210326 [pii]
AID - ijms-24-10326 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijms241210326 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jun 19;24(12):10326. doi: 10.3390/ijms241210326.