PMID- 37375002
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230701
IS  - 2076-2607 (Print)
IS  - 2076-2607 (Electronic)
IS  - 2076-2607 (Linking)
VI  - 11
IP  - 6
DP  - 2023 Jun 5
TI  - Culture-Independent Single-Cell PacBio Sequencing Reveals Epibiotic Variovorax 
      and Nucleus Associated Mycoplasma in the Microbiome of the Marine Benthic Protist 
      Geleia sp. YT (Ciliophora, Karyorelictea).
LID - 10.3390/microorganisms11061500 [doi]
LID - 1500
AB  - Microbes in marine sediments constitute up to five-sixths of the planet's total 
      biomass, but their diversity is little explored, especially for those forming 
      associations with unicellular protists. Heterotrophic ciliates are among the most 
      dominant and diversified marine benthic protists and comprise hotspot niches of 
      bacterial colonization. To date, studies using culture-independent single-cell 
      approaches to explore microbiomes of marine benthic ciliates in nature are almost 
      absent, even for the most ubiquitous species. Here, we characterize the major 
      bacterial groups associated with a representative marine benthic ciliate, Geleia 
      sp. YT, collected directly from the coastal zone of Yantai, China. PacBio 
      sequencing of the nearly full-length 16Sr RNA genes was performed on single cells 
      of Geleia. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis with genus-specific 
      probes was further applied to locate the dominant bacterial groups. We identified 
      a Variovorax-like bacterium as the major epibiotic symbiont residing in the 
      kineties of the ciliate host. We provide evidence of a nucleus-associated 
      bacterium related to the human pathogen Mycoplasma, which appeared prevalently in 
      the local populations of Geleia sp. YT for 4 months. The most abundant bacterial 
      taxa associated with Geleia sp. YT likely represent its core microbiome, hinting 
      at the important roles of the ciliate-bacteria consortium in the marine benthos. 
      Overall, this work has contributed to the knowledge of the diversity of life in 
      the enigmatic marine benthic ciliate and its symbioses.
FAU - Zhang, Xiaoxin
AU  - Zhang X
AD  - School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai 264003, China.
AD  - Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, 
      Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 
      264003, China.
FAU - Bi, Luping
AU  - Bi L
AD  - Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, 
      Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 
      264003, China.
AD  - Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone 
      Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
FAU - Gentekaki, Eleni
AU  - Gentekaki E
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3306-6714
AD  - School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand.
AD  - Gut Microbiome Research Group, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, 
      Thailand.
FAU - Zhao, Jianmin
AU  - Zhao J
AD  - Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, 
      Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 
      264003, China.
AD  - Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone 
      Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
FAU - Shen, Pingping
AU  - Shen P
AD  - School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai 264003, China.
FAU - Zhang, Qianqian
AU  - Zhang Q
AD  - Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, 
      Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 
      264003, China.
AD  - Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone 
      Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
LA  - eng
GR  - 42176163, 31970398, 31672251, and 31772413/National Natural Science Foundation of 
      China/
GR  - No. 2019216/Youth Innovation Promotion Association/
GR  - No. XDA23050303/Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of 
      Sciences/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230605
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Microorganisms
JT  - Microorganisms
JID - 101625893
PMC - PMC10300761
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - FISH
OT  - Mycoplasma
OT  - Variovorax
OT  - marine benthic ciliate
OT  - single cell microbiomics
OT  - symbiosis
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2023/06/28 06:42
MHDA- 2023/06/28 06:43
PMCR- 2023/06/05
CRDT- 2023/06/28 01:29
PHST- 2023/04/24 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/05/19 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/05/25 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/06/28 06:43 [medline]
PHST- 2023/06/28 06:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/06/28 01:29 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/06/05 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - microorganisms11061500 [pii]
AID - microorganisms-11-01500 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/microorganisms11061500 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Microorganisms. 2023 Jun 5;11(6):1500. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11061500.