PMID- 37377977 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20230701 IS - 1178-7031 (Print) IS - 1178-7031 (Electronic) IS - 1178-7031 (Linking) VI - 16 DP - 2023 TI - Early Cytokine Signatures of Hospitalized Mild and Severe COVID-19 Patients: A Prospective Observational Study. PG - 2631-2643 LID - 10.2147/JIR.S408663 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: The severe manifestation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is known to be mediated by several cytokines and chemokines. The study aimed to compare the early cytokine profile of mild and severe COVID-19 patients to that with COVID-19-like symptoms and tested negative for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 in the Reverse-Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) test. METHODS: This was a prospective, observational study on COVID-19 patients admitted to King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University Medical City from June to November 2020. Clinical and biochemical data were collected from hospital charts. Blood samples were collected at the time of hospital admission to measure cytokines. A Cytokine and Growth Factor High-Sensitivity Array was used to quantitatively measure cytokines. RESULTS: The study included 202 RT-PCR-positive individuals and 61 RT-PCR-negative individuals. C-Reactive protein (CRP) and Interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels were found significantly elevated in the RT-PCR positive group compared to the RT-PCR negative group (p=0.001). Patients with severe COVID-19 had significantly longer median hospital stays than those with mild COVID-19 cases (7 vs 6 days). They also had higher CRP and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) levels and lower Interleukin-4 (IL-4) levels compared to the mild cases. CRP, interleukin-6, IL-10, VEGF, and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) levels were significantly elevated in men and IL-10 was significantly higher and interleukin-8 was significantly lower in women compared to negative controls. Elevated Interferon-ɣ (IFN-gamma) and IL-10 levels were seen in mild COVID-19 cases and elevated level of MCP-1 was seen in severe COVID-19 cases when categorized according to the length of stay in the hospital. CONCLUSION: CRP and IL-10 levels were elevated in the RT-PCR positive group. People with severe COVID-19 had higher CRP and VEGF levels and lower IL-4 levels. Elevated IFN-gamma and IL-10 levels were seen in mild COVID-19 cases and elevated level of MCP-1 was seen in severe COVID-19 cases when categorized according to the length of stay in the hospital. CI - (c) 2023 Alfadda et al. FAU - Alfadda, Assim A AU - Alfadda AA AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4792-5188 AD - Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. AD - Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. AD - Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. FAU - Siddiqui, Khalid AU - Siddiqui K AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4860-1262 AD - Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. FAU - Rafiullah, Mohamed AU - Rafiullah M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0583-3901 AD - Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. FAU - AlKhowaiter, Mohammad AU - AlKhowaiter M AD - Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. FAU - Alotaibi, Naif AU - Alotaibi N AD - Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, and King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. FAU - Alzahrani, Musa AU - Alzahrani M AD - Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. FAU - Binkhamis, Khalifa AU - Binkhamis K AD - Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. FAU - Youssef, Amira M AU - Youssef AM AD - Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. FAU - Altalhi, Haifa AU - Altalhi H AD - Infection Control Department, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. FAU - Almaghlouth, Ibrahim AU - Almaghlouth I AD - Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. FAU - Alarifi, Mohammed AU - Alarifi M AD - Intensive Care Department, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. FAU - Albanyan, Saleh AU - Albanyan S AD - Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. FAU - Alosaimi, Mohammed F AU - Alosaimi MF AD - Pediatric Department, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. FAU - Isnani, Arthur AU - Isnani A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6305-6085 AD - Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. FAU - Nawaz, Shaik S AU - Nawaz SS AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2606-4112 AD - Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. FAU - Alayed, Khalid AU - Alayed K AD - Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20230622 PL - New Zealand TA - J Inflamm Res JT - Journal of inflammation research JID - 101512684 PMC - PMC10292607 OTO - NOTNLM OT - SARS-CoV-2 OT - asymptomatic patient OT - early inflammation OT - proinflammatory cytokines OT - regulatory cytokines COIS- The authors declare that they have no competing interests. EDAT- 2023/06/28 13:09 MHDA- 2023/06/28 13:10 PMCR- 2023/06/22 CRDT- 2023/06/28 09:25 PHST- 2023/03/09 00:00 [received] PHST- 2023/05/18 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2023/06/28 13:10 [medline] PHST- 2023/06/28 13:09 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/06/28 09:25 [entrez] PHST- 2023/06/22 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 408663 [pii] AID - 10.2147/JIR.S408663 [doi] PST - epublish SO - J Inflamm Res. 2023 Jun 22;16:2631-2643. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S408663. eCollection 2023.