PMID- 37380858
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230724
LR  - 20230724
IS  - 1614-7499 (Electronic)
IS  - 0944-1344 (Linking)
VI  - 30
IP  - 35
DP  - 2023 Jul
TI  - Simultaneous determination of residues of multiple pesticides and their 
      metabolites in citrus and orange juice from markets in China: residue levels and 
      dietary risk assessment.
PG  - 84778-84790
LID - 10.1007/s11356-023-27956-5 [doi]
AB  - Consumers are becoming more concerned about pesticide residues in food. Since 
      citrus represent a significant portion of the diet, it is appropriate to monitor 
      the pesticide residues in citrus. In this paper, we modified a QuEChERS method 
      combined with HPLC-MS/MS to investigate residue levels of 15 pesticides and 3 
      metabolites in citrus (whole fruit and pulp) and orange juice from the markets in 
      China. And the dietary exposure risks were evaluated by using the hazard quotient 
      (HQ) and hazard index (HI) methods based on deterministic and probabilistic 
      models. The recoveries of the modified method ranged from 70 to 112% at three 
      spike levels of 0.005-0.5 mg/kg with relative standard deviations of 1.0-18.1%. 
      Pesticide residues were detected in 85.84% of the whole citrus and 40.00% of 
      pulp, with concentrations ranging from 0.005 to 0.47 mg/kg, which did not exceed 
      their maximum residue limits (MRLs) in China. The HQ (0.01-11.41%) and HI 
      (0.07-16.2%) were both less than 100%, demonstrating that chronic, acute, and 
      cumulative dietary risks were acceptable. Notably, the risk for children (1-6 
      years old, 1.96-16.2%) was higher than that for the general population 
      (0.76-6.25%). The results of our study can provide a valuable reference for 
      regular monitoring to protect public health and ensure pesticide management.
CI  - (c) 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, 
      part of Springer Nature.
FAU - Li, Wei
AU  - Li W
AD  - School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and 
      Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, People's 
      Republic of China.
FAU - Hou, Huizhen
AU  - Hou H
AD  - School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and 
      Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, People's 
      Republic of China.
FAU - Hu, Jiye
AU  - Hu J
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2520-7935
AD  - School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and 
      Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, People's 
      Republic of China. jyhu@ustb.edu.cn.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230628
PL  - Germany
TA  - Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
JT  - Environmental science and pollution research international
JID - 9441769
RN  - 0 (Pesticides)
RN  - 0 (Pesticide Residues)
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Pesticides
MH  - *Citrus sinensis
MH  - *Citrus/chemistry
MH  - *Pesticide Residues/analysis
MH  - Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods
MH  - Diet
MH  - China
MH  - Risk Assessment
MH  - Food Contamination/analysis
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Citrus
OT  - Deterministic and probabilistic models
OT  - Dietary risk assessment
OT  - Metabolites
OT  - Pesticide residues
EDAT- 2023/06/29 01:08
MHDA- 2023/07/24 06:42
CRDT- 2023/06/28 23:28
PHST- 2023/01/06 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/05/24 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/07/24 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2023/06/29 01:08 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/06/28 23:28 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s11356-023-27956-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s11356-023-27956-5 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Jul;30(35):84778-84790. doi: 
      10.1007/s11356-023-27956-5. Epub 2023 Jun 28.