PMID- 37387280 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20230703 LR - 20230709 IS - 1872-2059 (Electronic) IS - 1000-8713 (Print) IS - 1000-8713 (Linking) VI - 41 IP - 7 DP - 2023 Jul TI - [Simultaneous determination of 43 antibacterials from nine categories in water using automatic sample loading-solid phase extraction-ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry]. PG - 591-601 LID - 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2022.09008 [doi] AB - Antibacterials represent a pharmaceutical class that is extensively used and consumed worldwide. The presence of a large number of antibacterial agents in water could result in antibiotic resistance. Thus, the development of a fast, accurate, and high-throughput method to analyze these emerging contaminants in water is necessary. Herein, a method was developed to achieve the simultaneous determination of 43 antibacterials from nine pharmaceutical categories (i.e., sulfonamides, quinolones, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, lincosamides, macrolides, nitroimidazoles, diterpenes, and dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors) in water using automatic sample loading-solid phase extraction (SPE)-ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Because the properties of these 43 antibacterials are quite different, the main objective of this work is to develop an extraction procedure that would enable the simultaneous analysis of a wide range of multiclass antibacterials. Given this context, the work presented in this paper optimized the SPE cartridge type, pH, and sample loading amount. Multiresidue extraction was performed as follows. The water samples were filtered through 0.45 mum filter membranes, added with Na(2)EDTA and NaH(2)PO(4), and pH-adjusted to 2.34 using H(3)PO(4). The solutions were then mixed with the internal standards. An automatic sample loading device fabricated by the authors was used for sample loading, and Oasis HLB cartridges were used for enrichment and purification. The optimized UPLC conditions were as follows: chromatographic column, Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C(18) column (50 mmx2.1 mm, 1.7 mum); mobile phases, methanol-acetonitrile (2ratio8, v/v) solution containing 0.1% formic acid and 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution; flow rate, 0.3 mL/min; injection volume, 10 muL. The compounds were step scanned using an electrospray ionization source in the positive and multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) modes, and analyzed by internal and external standard methods. The results showed that the 43 compounds achieved high linearity in their respective linear ranges, with correlation coefficients (r(2)) greater than 0.996. The limits of detection (LODs) of the 43 antibacterial agents ranged from 0.004 ng/L to 1.000 ng/L, and their limits of quantification (LOQs) ranged from 0.012 ng/L to 3.000 ng/L. The average recoveries ranged from 53.7% to 130.4%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were between 0.9% and 13.2%. The method was successfully applied to the determination of six tap water samples from different districts and six water samples obtained from the Jiangyin section of the Yangtze River and Xicheng Canal. No antibacterial compound was detected in any of the tap water samples, but a total of 20 antibacterial compounds were detected in the river and canal water samples. Among these compounds, sulfamethoxazole showed the highest mass concentrations, ranging from 8.92 to 11.03 ng/L. The types and contents of antibacterials detected in the Xicheng Canal were greater than those found in the Yangtze River, and two kinds of diterpenes, namely tiamulin and valnemulin, were found easily and commonly in water sample. The findings indicate that antibacterial agents are widespread in environmental waters. The developed method is accurate, sensitive, rapid, and suitable for the detection of the 43 antibacterial compounds in water samples. FAU - Xia, Bao-Lin AU - Xia BL AD - Testing Center of Jiangyin Food Safety, Jiangyin 214400, China. FAU - Wang, Shi-Tao AU - Wang ST AD - Testing Center of Jiangyin Food Safety, Jiangyin 214400, China. FAU - Yin, Jing-Jing AU - Yin JJ AD - Testing Center of Jiangyin Food Safety, Jiangyin 214400, China. FAU - Zhang, Wei-Yi AU - Zhang WY AD - Testing Center of Jiangyin Food Safety, Jiangyin 214400, China. FAU - Yang, Na AU - Yang N AD - Testing Center of Jiangyin Food Safety, Jiangyin 214400, China. FAU - Liu, Qiang AU - Liu Q AD - College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China. FAU - Wu, Hai-Jing AU - Wu HJ AD - Nanjing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanjing 211198, China. LA - chi PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article PL - China TA - Se Pu JT - Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography JID - 9424804 RN - 0YIW783RG1 (formic acid) RN - 059QF0KO0R (Water) RN - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents) RN - 0 (Pharmaceutical Preparations) SB - IM MH - Chromatography, Liquid MH - *Water MH - *Tandem Mass Spectrometry MH - Anti-Bacterial Agents MH - Pharmaceutical Preparations PMC - PMC10311621 OTO - NOTNLM OT - antibacterial residue OT - automatic sample loading OT - solid phase extraction (SPE) OT - ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) OT - water body EDAT- 2023/06/30 06:42 MHDA- 2023/07/03 06:41 PMCR- 2023/07/08 CRDT- 2023/06/30 05:53 PHST- 2023/07/03 06:41 [medline] PHST- 2023/06/30 06:42 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/06/30 05:53 [entrez] PHST- 2023/07/08 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2022.09008 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Se Pu. 2023 Jul;41(7):591-601. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2022.09008.