PMID- 37387282 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20230703 LR - 20230709 IS - 1872-2059 (Electronic) IS - 1000-8713 (Print) IS - 1000-8713 (Linking) VI - 41 IP - 7 DP - 2023 Jul TI - [High-throughput screening of multi-pesticide residues in animal-derived foods by QuEChERS-online gel permeation chromatography-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry]. PG - 610-621 LID - 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2022.10010 [doi] AB - Improvements in living standards have led to an increase in the consumption of animal-derived foods. Pesticides may be used illegally during animal breeding as well as meat production and processing for pest control and preservation. Pesticides applied to crops may also be enriched in animal tissues through the food chain, thereby increasing the risk of pesticide residue accumulation in muscles and visceral tissues and endangering human health. China has stipulated maximum residue limits for pesticide residues in livestock and poultry meat and their viscera. Many other major developed countries and organizations, including the European Union, Codex Alimentarius Commission, and Japan, have also set maximum residue limits for these residues (0.005-10, 0.004-10, and 0.001-10 mg/kg, respectively). Research on pretreatment technologies for pesticide residue detection in plant-derived foods is widely available, but insufficient attention has been paid to animal-derived foods. Thus, high-throughput detection technologies for pesticide residues in animal-derived foods are limited. The impurities that can interfere with the detection process for plant-derived foods mainly include organic acids, polar pigments, and other small molecular compounds; by contrast, the matrix of animal-derived foods is much more complex. Macromolecular proteins, fats, small molecular amino acids, organic acids, and phospholipids can interfere with the detection of pesticide residues in animal-derived foods. Thus, selecting the appropriate pretreatment and purification technology is of great importance. In this study, the QuEChERS technique was combined with online gel permeation chromatography-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GPC-GC-MS/MS) to determine 196 pesticide residues in animal-derived foods. The samples were extracted with acetonitrile, purified using the QuEChERS technique coupled with online GPC, detected by GC-MS/MS, determined in multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM), and quantified using the external standard method. The effects of the extraction solvent and purification agent type on the extraction efficiency and matrix removal of the method were optimized. The purification effect of online GPC on the sample solution was investigated. The optimal distillate receiving time was obtained by studying the recoveries of the target substances and matrix effects over different distillate receiving periods to achieve the effective introduction of target substances and efficient matrix removal. Further, the advantages of the QuEChERS technique combined with online GPC were evaluated. The matrix effects of 196 pesticides were assessed; ten pesticide residues showed moderate matrix effects, while four pesticide residues showed strong matrix effects. A matrix-matched standard solution was used for quantification. The 196 pesticides showed good linearity in the range of 0.005-0.2 mg/L, with correlation coefficients greater than 0.996. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.002 and 0.005 mg/kg, respectively. The recoveries of 196 pesticides at spiked levels of 0.01, 0.05, and 0.20 mg/kg were 65.3%-126.2%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 0.7%-5.7%. The proposed method is rapid, accurate, and sensitive; thus, it is suitable for the high-throughput screening and detection of multiple pesticide residues in animal-derived foods. FAU - Li, Jie AU - Li J AD - Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Key Laboratory of Supervising Technology for Meat and Meat Products for State Market Regulation, Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Quality Control of Food for Special Medical Purposes, Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Safety Inspection of Food and Drug, Jinan 250101, China. FAU - Ju, Xiang AU - Ju X AD - Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Key Laboratory of Supervising Technology for Meat and Meat Products for State Market Regulation, Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Quality Control of Food for Special Medical Purposes, Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Safety Inspection of Food and Drug, Jinan 250101, China. FAU - Wang, Yan-Li AU - Wang YL AD - Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Key Laboratory of Supervising Technology for Meat and Meat Products for State Market Regulation, Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Quality Control of Food for Special Medical Purposes, Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Safety Inspection of Food and Drug, Jinan 250101, China. FAU - Tian, Qi-Yan AU - Tian QY AD - Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Key Laboratory of Supervising Technology for Meat and Meat Products for State Market Regulation, Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Quality Control of Food for Special Medical Purposes, Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Safety Inspection of Food and Drug, Jinan 250101, China. FAU - Liang, Xiu-Qing AU - Liang XQ AD - Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Key Laboratory of Supervising Technology for Meat and Meat Products for State Market Regulation, Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Quality Control of Food for Special Medical Purposes, Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Safety Inspection of Food and Drug, Jinan 250101, China. FAU - Li, Hai-Xia AU - Li HX AD - Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Key Laboratory of Supervising Technology for Meat and Meat Products for State Market Regulation, Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Quality Control of Food for Special Medical Purposes, Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Safety Inspection of Food and Drug, Jinan 250101, China. FAU - Liu, Yan-Ming AU - Liu YM AD - Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Key Laboratory of Supervising Technology for Meat and Meat Products for State Market Regulation, Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Quality Control of Food for Special Medical Purposes, Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Safety Inspection of Food and Drug, Jinan 250101, China. LA - chi PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article PL - China TA - Se Pu JT - Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography JID - 9424804 RN - 0 (Pesticide Residues) RN - 0 (Pesticides) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Humans MH - *Pesticide Residues MH - Tandem Mass Spectrometry MH - High-Throughput Screening Assays MH - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry MH - *Pesticides MH - Chromatography, Gel PMC - PMC10311622 OTO - NOTNLM OT - QuEChERS OT - animal-derived foods OT - gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) OT - online gel permeation chromatography OT - pesticide residues EDAT- 2023/06/30 06:42 MHDA- 2023/07/03 06:41 PMCR- 2023/07/08 CRDT- 2023/06/30 05:53 PHST- 2023/07/03 06:41 [medline] PHST- 2023/06/30 06:42 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/06/30 05:53 [entrez] PHST- 2023/07/08 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2022.10010 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Se Pu. 2023 Jul;41(7):610-621. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2022.10010.