PMID- 37405420
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230922
LR  - 20230924
IS  - 1432-1211 (Electronic)
IS  - 0093-7711 (Print)
IS  - 0093-7711 (Linking)
VI  - 75
IP  - 5
DP  - 2023 Oct
TI  - The minor chicken class I gene BF1 is deleted between short imperfect direct 
      repeats in the B14 and typical B15 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) 
      haplotypes.
PG  - 455-464
LID - 10.1007/s00251-023-01313-9 [doi]
AB  - The chicken major histocompatibility complex (MHC, also known as the BF-BL region 
      of the B locus) is notably small and simple with few genes, most of which are 
      involved in antigen processing and presentation. There are two classical class I 
      genes, of which only BF2 is well and systemically expressed as the major ligand 
      for cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). The other class I gene, BF1, is believed to 
      be primarily a natural killer (NK) cell ligand. Among most standard chicken MHC 
      haplotypes examined in detail, BF1 is expressed tenfold less than BF2 at the RNA 
      level due to defects in the promoter or in a splice site. However, in the B14 and 
      typical B15 haplotypes, BF1 RNA was not detected, and here, we show that a 
      deletion between imperfect 32 nucleotide direct repeats has removed the BF1 gene 
      entirely. The phenotypic effects of not having a BF1 gene (particularly on 
      resistance to infectious pathogens) have not been systematically explored, but 
      such deletions between short direct repeats are also found in some BF1 promoters 
      and in the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) of some BG genes found in the BG region 
      of the B locus. Despite the opposite transcriptional orientation of homologous 
      genes in the chicken MHC, which might prevent the loss of key genes from a 
      minimal essential MHC, it appears that small direct repeats can still lead to 
      deletion.
CI  - (c) 2023. The Author(s).
FAU - Rocos, Nicolas I E
AU  - Rocos NIE
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4560-1064
AD  - Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, 
      Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK.
FAU - Coulter, Felicity J
AU  - Coulter FJ
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0485-8752
AD  - Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, 
      CB2 1QP, UK.
AD  - Current Address: Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park 
      Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
FAU - Tan, Thomas C J
AU  - Tan TCJ
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9892-7098
AD  - Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, 
      Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK.
AD  - Current Address: Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh, 
      EH9 3BF, UK.
FAU - Kaufman, Jim
AU  - Kaufman J
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7216-8422
AD  - Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, 
      Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK. jim.kaufman@ed.ac.uk.
AD  - Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, 
      CB2 1QP, UK. jim.kaufman@ed.ac.uk.
AD  - Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, 
      Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK. jim.kaufman@ed.ac.uk.
LA  - eng
GR  - WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
GR  - 110106/A/15/Z/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
GR  - BB/V000756/1/BB_/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United 
      Kingdom
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20230705
PL  - United States
TA  - Immunogenetics
JT  - Immunogenetics
JID - 0420404
RN  - 0 (Ligands)
RN  - 0 (Histocompatibility Antigens)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - *Genes, MHC Class I/genetics
MH  - *Chickens/genetics
MH  - Haplotypes/genetics
MH  - Ligands
MH  - Major Histocompatibility Complex/genetics
MH  - Histocompatibility Antigens
MH  - Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
PMC - PMC10514180
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Next generation sequencing
OT  - PacBio sequencing
OT  - Recombination
EDAT- 2023/07/05 13:05
MHDA- 2023/09/22 06:42
PMCR- 2023/07/05
CRDT- 2023/07/05 11:04
PHST- 2023/05/24 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/06/10 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/09/22 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2023/07/05 13:05 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/07/05 11:04 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/07/05 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1007/s00251-023-01313-9 [pii]
AID - 1313 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s00251-023-01313-9 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Immunogenetics. 2023 Oct;75(5):455-464. doi: 10.1007/s00251-023-01313-9. Epub 
      2023 Jul 5.