PMID- 37415988
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230718
IS  - 2168-8184 (Print)
IS  - 2168-8184 (Electronic)
IS  - 2168-8184 (Linking)
VI  - 15
IP  - 6
DP  - 2023 Jun
TI  - Clinical and Echocardiographic Correlates of Iron Status in Chronic Heart Failure 
      Patients: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study.
PG  - e39998
LID - 10.7759/cureus.39998 [doi]
LID - e39998
AB  - BACKGROUND:  Chronic heart failure (HF) is one of the conditions commonly seen in 
      the medical outpatient departments, and iron deficiency (ID) has been reported as 
      the commonest nutritional deficiency in these patients. The presence of ID may 
      interfere with the clinical parameters of chronic HF. The relationship between 
      iron status and chronic HF needs more attention and should be given more 
      consideration in the evaluation of patients with chronic HF. AIM: The aim of the 
      study was to determine the relationship, if any, between iron status and 
      clinical/echocardiographic variables in chronic HF. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A 
      cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out at the Lagos University 
      Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Nigeria, where 88 patients with chronic HF were 
      recruited to participate in this study. The participants underwent clinical and 
      laboratory assessments. Iron status was assessed with full blood count 
      parameters; serum ferritin and transferrin saturation (Tsat) and its relationship 
      with clinical parameters among these participants were also studied. RESULTS: No 
      correlations existed between the duration of chronic HF and iron status when 
      compared using Tsat. However, a significant weak negative correlation was 
      observed between the duration of HF and the serum ferritin levels. The clinical 
      characteristics of the HF participants with and without ID were compared. There 
      was no significant difference in the frequency of prior hospitalization in both 
      groups. However, a higher proportion of participants with severe HF (New York 
      Heart Association (NYHA) classes III/IV) (n = 14; 46.7%) were iron-deficient 
      compared to those with moderate chronic HF (NYHA II) (n = 11; 36.7%). This 
      relationship was statistically significant. Left ventricular ejection fraction 
      (LVEF) was similar in the iron-deficient and iron-replete groups (using serum 
      ferritin or Tsat) both when compared as means and when compared after 
      categorizing LVEF as HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) vs HF with 
      reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). There was no statistically significant 
      correlation between the severity of ID and LVEF.  Conclusion: A spectrum of 
      clinical changes occurs in patients with chronic HF. ID can make these changes 
      more profound and the condition less amenable to standard HF treatments. These 
      patients may therefore benefit from further evaluation for this nutritional 
      deficiency. Laboratory measurements including Tsat and serum ferritin may help in 
      further assessment of select patients with worse and/or non-responsive clinical 
      parameters.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2023, Amaechi et al.
FAU - Amaechi, Uchenna M
AU  - Amaechi UM
AD  - Internal Medicine, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, NGA.
FAU - Chukwudum, Ewelukwa
AU  - Chukwudum E
AD  - General Practice, Love Your Menses, Inc., Boston, USA.
FAU - Aiwuyo, Henry O
AU  - Aiwuyo HO
AD  - Internal Medicine, Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center, New York, 
      USA.
FAU - Ilerhunmwuwa, Nosakhare
AU  - Ilerhunmwuwa N
AD  - Internal Medicine, Brookdale Hospital Medical Center, New York, USA.
FAU - Osarenkhoe, John O
AU  - Osarenkhoe JO
AD  - Medicine and Surgery, Igbinedion University Teaching Hospital, Benin City, NGA.
FAU - Kweki, Anthony G
AU  - Kweki AG
AD  - Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Colchester Hospital, East Suffolk and North 
      Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Colchester, GBR.
FAU - Onuwaje, Okoke Eseoghene
AU  - Onuwaje OE
AD  - Cardiology and Acute Medicine, Royal Blackburn Teaching Hospital, Blackburn, GBR.
FAU - Obilahi, Julius O
AU  - Obilahi JO
AD  - General Medicine, Maidstone General Hospital, Kent, GBR.
FAU - Irabor, Godstime I
AU  - Irabor GI
AD  - Pathology, Saba University School of Medicine, Saba, NLD.
FAU - Attuquayefio, Sheila
AU  - Attuquayefio S
AD  - Internal Medicine, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, GHA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230605
PL  - United States
TA  - Cureus
JT  - Cureus
JID - 101596737
PMC - PMC10321567
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - chronic heart failure
OT  - clinical parameters
OT  - correlation
OT  - cross-sectional descriptive study
OT  - iron status
COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2023/07/07 06:42
MHDA- 2023/07/07 06:43
PMCR- 2023/06/05
CRDT- 2023/07/07 04:02
PHST- 2023/06/05 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/07/07 06:43 [medline]
PHST- 2023/07/07 06:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/07/07 04:02 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/06/05 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.7759/cureus.39998 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Cureus. 2023 Jun 5;15(6):e39998. doi: 10.7759/cureus.39998. eCollection 2023 Jun.