PMID- 37419351
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230929
IS  - 1879-1026 (Electronic)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Linking)
VI  - 898
DP  - 2023 Nov 10
TI  - Reduced atmospheric sulfate enhances fine particulate nitrate formation in 
      eastern China.
PG  - 165303
LID - S0048-9697(23)03926-8 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165303 [doi]
AB  - Nitrate (NO(3)(-)) is a major component of atmospheric fine particles. Recent 
      studies in eastern China have shown the increasing trend of NO(3)(-) in contrast 
      to the ongoing control of nitrogen oxide (NO(x)). Here, we elucidate the effects 
      of reduced sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) on the enhancement of NO(3)(-) formation based 
      on field measurements at the summit of Mt. Tai (1534 m a.s.l.) and present 
      detailed modelling analyses. From 2007 to 2018, the measured springtime 
      concentrations of various primary pollutants and fine sulfate (SO(4)(2-)) 
      decreased sharply (-16.4 % to -89.7 %), whereas fine NO(3)(-) concentration 
      increased by 22.8 %. The elevated NO(3)(-) levels cannot be explained by the 
      changes in meteorological conditions or other related parameters but were 
      primarily attributed to the considerable reduction in SO(4)(2-) concentrations 
      (-73.4 %). Results from a multi-phase chemical box model indicated that the 
      reduced SO(4)(2-) levels decreased the aerosol acidity and prompted the 
      partitioning of HNO(3) into the aerosol phase. WRF-Chem model analyses suggest 
      that such a negative effect is a regional phenomenon throughout the planetary 
      boundary layer over eastern China in spring. This study provides new insights 
      into the worsening situation of NO(3)(-) aerosol pollution and has important 
      implications for controlling haze pollution in China.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.
FAU - Wen, Liang
AU  - Wen L
AD  - Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, 
      China.
FAU - Xue, Likun
AU  - Xue L
AD  - Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, 
      China. Electronic address: xuelikun@sdu.edu.cn.
FAU - Dong, Can
AU  - Dong C
AD  - Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, 
      China.
FAU - Wang, Xinfeng
AU  - Wang X
AD  - Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, 
      China.
FAU - Chen, Tianshu
AU  - Chen T
AD  - Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, 
      China.
FAU - Jiang, Ying
AU  - Jiang Y
AD  - Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, 
      China.
FAU - Gu, Rongrong
AU  - Gu R
AD  - Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, 
      China.
FAU - Zheng, Penggang
AU  - Zheng P
AD  - Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, 
      China.
FAU - Li, Hongyong
AU  - Li H
AD  - Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, 
      China.
FAU - Shan, Ye
AU  - Shan Y
AD  - Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, 
      China.
FAU - Zhu, Yujiao
AU  - Zhu Y
AD  - Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, 
      China.
FAU - Zhao, Yong
AU  - Zhao Y
AD  - Taishan National Reference Climatological Station, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, 
      China.
FAU - Yin, Xiangkun
AU  - Yin X
AD  - Taishan National Reference Climatological Station, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, 
      China.
FAU - Liu, Hengde
AU  - Liu H
AD  - Taishan National Reference Climatological Station, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, 
      China.
FAU - Gao, Jian
AU  - Gao J
AD  - Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
FAU - Wu, Zhijun
AU  - Wu Z
AD  - State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, 
      College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 
      100871, China.
FAU - Wang, Tao
AU  - Wang T
AD  - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic 
      University, 99907, Hong Kong.
FAU - Herrmann, Hartmut
AU  - Herrmann H
AD  - Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric 
      Research (TROPOS), Permoserstrasse 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany; School of 
      Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 
      266237, China.
FAU - Wang, Wenxing
AU  - Wang W
AD  - Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, 
      China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230705
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Sci Total Environ
JT  - The Science of the total environment
JID - 0330500
SB  - IM
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Eastern China
OT  - Long-term variation
OT  - Mt. Tai
OT  - Nitrate
OT  - PM(2.5)
OT  - Sulfate
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2023/07/08 10:42
MHDA- 2023/07/08 10:43
CRDT- 2023/07/07 19:27
PHST- 2023/05/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/07/01 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/07/01 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/07/08 10:43 [medline]
PHST- 2023/07/08 10:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/07/07 19:27 [entrez]
AID - S0048-9697(23)03926-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165303 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sci Total Environ. 2023 Nov 10;898:165303. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165303. 
      Epub 2023 Jul 5.