PMID- 37421725
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230925
LR  - 20230925
IS  - 1095-8630 (Electronic)
IS  - 0301-4797 (Linking)
VI  - 345
DP  - 2023 Nov 1
TI  - Zero-valent iron-peroxydisulfate as synergistic co-milling agents for enhanced 
      mechanochemical destruction of 2,4-dichlorophenol: Coupling reduction with 
      oxidation.
PG  - 118571
LID - S0301-4797(23)01359-2 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118571 [doi]
AB  - Mechanochemical (MC) remediation with zero-valent iron (ZVI) as co-milling agent 
      enables the non-combustion and solvent-free disposal of solid halogenated organic 
      pollutants (HOPs) via solid-phase reaction, but suffers from incomplete 
      dechlorination (especially for less chlorinated chemicals). Herein, a 
      reduction-oxidation coupling strategy using ZVI and peroxydisulfate as 
      synergistic (ZVI-PDS) co-milling agents was investigated, with 2,4-dichlorophenol 
      (2,4-DCP) as probe contaminant. By revisiting the MC destruction process of 
      2,4-DCP by ZVI, the contribution of both reductive and oxidative routes is 
      confirmed, and the inefficient *OH generation is addressed. With ball-to-material 
      and reagent-to-pollutant mass ratios of 30:1 and 13:1, respectively, ZVI-PDS 
      achieves higher dechlorination ratio (86.8%) for 2,4-DCP within 5 h, outcompeting 
      sole ZVI (40.3%) or PDS (33.9%), due to the accumulation of numerous SO(4)(*-). 
      As suggested by a two-compartment kinetic model, the optimal ZVI/PDS molar ratio 
      of 4:1 is determined, which balances the relative contribution of 
      reductive/oxidative routes and leads to a maximum mineralization efficiency of 
      77.4%. The analysis on product distribution verifies the generation of 
      dechlorinated, ring-opening and minor coupling products (with low acute 
      toxicity). This work validates the necessity to couple reduction with oxidation 
      in MC destruction for solid HOPs, and may provide information on reagent 
      formulation.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Song, Ludi
AU  - Song L
AD  - Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green 
      Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; 
      College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, 
      China.
FAU - Lin, Lvren
AU  - Lin L
AD  - College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, 
      China.
FAU - Wei, Wenjia
AU  - Wei W
AD  - College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, 
      China.
FAU - Zhang, Shengkun
AU  - Zhang S
AD  - Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, 
      China.
FAU - Wan, Lei
AU  - Wan L
AD  - Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, 
      China.
FAU - Lou, Zimo
AU  - Lou Z
AD  - Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green 
      Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; 
      College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, 
      China. Electronic address: louzimo@zjut.edu.cn.
FAU - Yu, Jianming
AU  - Yu J
AD  - Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green 
      Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; 
      College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, 
      China. Electronic address: yjm@zjut.edu.cn.
FAU - Xu, Xinhua
AU  - Xu X
AD  - Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, 
      China. Electronic address: xuxinhua@zju.edu.cn.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230706
PL  - England
TA  - J Environ Manage
JT  - Journal of environmental management
JID - 0401664
RN  - E1UOL152H7 (Iron)
RN  - R669TG1950 (2,4-dichlorophenol)
RN  - 0 (Environmental Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
SB  - IM
MH  - Iron/analysis
MH  - *Environmental Pollutants/analysis
MH  - Oxidation-Reduction
MH  - *Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Dechlorination
OT  - Halogenated organic pollutants
OT  - Mechanochemistry
OT  - Peroxydisulfate
OT  - Zero-valent iron
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2023/07/09 01:07
MHDA- 2023/09/25 06:42
CRDT- 2023/07/08 18:02
PHST- 2023/05/14 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/06/30 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/07/02 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/09/25 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2023/07/09 01:07 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/07/08 18:02 [entrez]
AID - S0301-4797(23)01359-2 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118571 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Environ Manage. 2023 Nov 1;345:118571. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118571. Epub 
      2023 Jul 6.