PMID- 37437633
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230925
LR  - 20230925
IS  - 1879-1026 (Electronic)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Linking)
VI  - 897
DP  - 2023 Nov 1
TI  - Combined health effects of PM(2.5) components on respiratory mortality in 
      short-term exposure using BKMR: A case study in Sichuan, China.
PG  - 165365
LID - S0048-9697(23)03988-8 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165365 [doi]
AB  - One of the major causes of global mortality is respiratory diseases. Fine 
      particulate matter (PM(2.5)) increased the risk of respiratory death in 
      short-term exposure. PM(2.5) is the chemical mixture of components with different 
      health effects. The combined health effects of PM(2.5) are determined by the role 
      of each component and the potential interaction between components, but they have 
      not been studied in short-term exposure. Sichuan Province (SC), with high 
      respiratory mortality and heavy PM(2.5) pollution, had distinctive regional 
      differences in four regions in sources and proportions of PM(2.5), so it was 
      divided into four regions to explore the combined health effects of PM(2.5) 
      components on respiratory mortality in short-term exposure and to identify the 
      main hazardous components. Due to the multicollinear, interactive, and nonlinear 
      characteristics of the associations between PM(2.5) components and respiratory 
      mortality, Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) was used to characterize the 
      combined health effects, along with quantile-based g-computation (QGC) as a 
      reference. Positive combined effects of PM(2.5) were found in all four regions of 
      Sichuan using BKMR with excess risks (ER) of 0.0101-0.0132 (95 % CI: 
      0.0093-0.0158) and in the central basin and northwest basin using QGC with 
      relative risks (RR) of 1.0064 (95 % CI: 1.0039, 1.0089) and 1.0044 (95 % CI: 
      1.0022, 1.0066), respectively. In addition, the adverse health effect was larger 
      in cold seasons than that in warm seasons, so vulnerable people should reduce 
      outdoor activities in heavily polluted days, especially in the cold season. For 
      the components of PM(2.5), the BC and OM mainly from traffic, dominated the 
      adverse health effects on respiratory mortality. Furthermore, NO(3)(-) might 
      aggravate the adverse health effects of BC/OM. Therefore, BC/OM and NO(3)(-) 
      should be focused together in air pollution control.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Zhai, Siwei
AU  - Zhai S
AD  - West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan 
      University, China.
FAU - Zeng, Jing
AU  - Zeng J
AD  - Sichuan Provincial Disease Prevention and Control Center, China.
FAU - Zhang, Yi
AU  - Zhang Y
AD  - West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan 
      University, China.
FAU - Huang, Jingfei
AU  - Huang J
AD  - West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan 
      University, China.
FAU - Li, Xuelin
AU  - Li X
AD  - West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan 
      University, China.
FAU - Wang, Wei
AU  - Wang W
AD  - West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan 
      University, China.
FAU - Zhang, Tao
AU  - Zhang T
AD  - West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan 
      University, China.
FAU - Deng, Ying
AU  - Deng Y
AD  - Sichuan Provincial Disease Prevention and Control Center, China.
FAU - Yin, Fei
AU  - Yin F
AD  - West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan 
      University, China.
FAU - Ma, Yue
AU  - Ma Y
AD  - West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan 
      University, China. Electronic address: gordonrozen@qq.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230710
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Sci Total Environ
JT  - The Science of the total environment
JID - 0330500
RN  - 0 (Air Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Particulate Matter)
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Air Pollutants/toxicity/analysis
MH  - *Air Pollution/adverse effects/analysis
MH  - Bayes Theorem
MH  - Particulate Matter/analysis
MH  - Environmental Exposure
MH  - *Respiratory Tract Diseases/chemically induced
MH  - China/epidemiology
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR)
OT  - PM(2.5) components
OT  - Quantile-based g-computation (QGC)
OT  - Respiratory mortality
OT  - Sichuan
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2023/07/13 01:06
MHDA- 2023/09/25 06:42
CRDT- 2023/07/12 19:22
PHST- 2023/03/31 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/06/16 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/07/04 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/09/25 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2023/07/13 01:06 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/07/12 19:22 [entrez]
AID - S0048-9697(23)03988-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165365 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sci Total Environ. 2023 Nov 1;897:165365. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165365. 
      Epub 2023 Jul 10.