PMID- 37439956
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230717
LR  - 20230810
IS  - 1573-2959 (Electronic)
IS  - 0167-6369 (Linking)
VI  - 195
IP  - 8
DP  - 2023 Jul 13
TI  - Long-term monitoring of forest cover change resulting in forest loss in the 
      capital of Luang Prabang province, Lao PDR.
PG  - 947
LID - 10.1007/s10661-023-11548-4 [doi]
AB  - Loss of forest cover has an important impact on global climate change. This study 
      investigated variation in forest cover in Luang Prabang district, the capital of 
      Luang Prabang province, Lao PDR, using Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and 
      Operational Land Imager (OLI) satellite imagery over the period 1988-2021. The 
      maximum likelihood classification technique was used to classify Landsat images 
      of the years 1988, 2001, 2011, and 2021 and was evaluated for accuracy using the 
      kappa coefficient for each year (0.860, 0.869, 0.878, and 0.950, respectively). 
      The potential of classification based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation 
      Index (NDVI) and Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) to detect changes in 
      natural forest and cultivated forest cover compared with supervised 
      classification was also evaluated. The natural forest cover of the study area was 
      estimated at 84.09% (687.82 km(2)) of the total land area in 1988. This number 
      decreased to 56.93% (465.69 km(2)) in 2001 and subsequently increased to 60.85% 
      (497.77 km(2)) in 2011 and 66.49% (543.92 km(2)) in 2021. Cultivated forest cover 
      in 1988 was 4.96% (40.58 km(2)) and increased to 16.84% (137.76 km(2)) in 2001, 
      however it decreased to 13.57% (110.97 km(2)) in 2011 and 9.67% (79.10 km(2)) in 
      2021. Severely reduced forest cover is often associated with the expansion of 
      agriculture on the forest edge. Logging and charcoal production are other 
      problems that contribute to the reduction of forest cover. Overall, our results 
      show the necessity of forest management, rational land-use planning policy, and 
      increased community awareness of conservation and sustainable development of 
      forest resources in the study area in the future.
CI  - (c) 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
FAU - Thien, Bui Bao
AU  - Thien BB
AD  - Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344006, Russia. 
      buibaothienha@gmail.com.
AD  - Faculty of Social Sciences, National University of Laos, Vientiane, Laos. 
      buibaothienha@gmail.com.
FAU - Yachongtou, Bounheuang
AU  - Yachongtou B
AD  - Faculty of Social Sciences, National University of Laos, Vientiane, Laos.
FAU - Phuong, Vu Thi
AU  - Phuong VT
AD  - Faculty of Social Sciences, Hong Duc University, Thanh Hoa, Vietnam.
AD  - Innovation Startup Support Center, Hong Duc University, Thanh Hoa, Vietnam.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230713
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Environ Monit Assess
JT  - Environmental monitoring and assessment
JID - 8508350
SB  - IM
MH  - Laos
MH  - *Environmental Monitoring/methods
MH  - *Satellite Imagery
MH  - Forests
MH  - Agriculture
MH  - Conservation of Natural Resources/methods
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Forest loss
OT  - GIS
OT  - Luang Prabang
OT  - NDVI
OT  - Remote Sensing
EDAT- 2023/07/13 12:31
MHDA- 2023/07/17 06:42
CRDT- 2023/07/13 11:12
PHST- 2023/01/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/06/22 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/07/17 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2023/07/13 12:31 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/07/13 11:12 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s10661-023-11548-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s10661-023-11548-4 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Environ Monit Assess. 2023 Jul 13;195(8):947. doi: 10.1007/s10661-023-11548-4.