PMID- 37447999
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230717
LR  - 20230718
IS  - 1424-8220 (Electronic)
IS  - 1424-8220 (Linking)
VI  - 23
IP  - 13
DP  - 2023 Jul 4
TI  - The Extraction and Characterization of Pseudorange Multipath Based on BDS-3 
      Multi-Frequency Observations.
LID - 10.3390/s23136151 [doi]
LID - 6151
AB  - Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations are subject to various 
      errors during their propagation process. A reasonable correction of these errors 
      can improve the positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) service capability. The 
      impact of multipaths on pseudorange observations can reach a decimeters or even 
      meters level. However, their mechanism is complex and there is currently no 
      universally accepted high-precision correction model. The correlation between the 
      pseudorange multipaths (MP) of BDS-2 satellites and satellite elevation has been 
      confirmed, while there have been fewer analyses of the MP characteristics for 
      different frequencies of BDS-3 satellites. The broadcasting of multi-frequency 
      observations in BDS-3 should theoretically make the extracted MP more accurate 
      compared to traditional methods. Based on this, in this contribution, a 
      multi-frequency MP extraction algorithm based on the least squares principle is 
      proposed, which can simultaneously eliminate the influence of higher-order 
      ionospheric delay. The analytical expression for only eliminating first-order 
      ionospheric delay is successfully derived. Subsequently, the characteristics of 
      the MPs extracted from different frequency combinations and the impact of 
      combination noise on the extraction accuracy are discussed. The influence of 
      second-order ionospheric delay on the MPs for each frequency under different 
      combination noises, as well as the periodic behavior exhibited in long-term 
      observations of the BDS-3 medium earth orbit (MEO) and inclined geosynchronous 
      orbit (IGSO) satellites, are also analyzed. Finally, the correlations between the 
      MPs of each frequency of BDS satellite and elevation are quantitatively analyzed 
      based on observations from 35 stations. Overall, this work has positive 
      implications for the study of the MP characteristics of BDS-3 and subsequent 
      modeling efforts.
FAU - Guo, Zhongchen
AU  - Guo Z
AD  - Key Laboratory of Aviation-Aerospace-Ground Cooperative Monitoring and Early 
      Warning of Coal Mining-Induced Disasters of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, 
      Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China.
AD  - School of Environment and Surveying Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 
      234000, China.
AD  - School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, 
      Huainan 232001, China.
AD  - School of Geomatics, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, 
      China.
FAU - Yu, Xuexiang
AU  - Yu X
AD  - Key Laboratory of Aviation-Aerospace-Ground Cooperative Monitoring and Early 
      Warning of Coal Mining-Induced Disasters of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, 
      Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China.
AD  - School of Geomatics, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, 
      China.
FAU - Hu, Chao
AU  - Hu C
AD  - School of Geomatics, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, 
      China.
FAU - Jiang, Chuang
AU  - Jiang C
AD  - School of Geomatics, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, 
      China.
FAU - Tan, Hao
AU  - Tan H
AD  - School of Geomatics, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, 
      China.
FAU - Zhu, Mingfei
AU  - Zhu M
AD  - School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, 
      Huainan 232001, China.
AD  - School of Geomatics, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, 
      China.
FAU - Xie, Shicheng
AU  - Xie S
AD  - School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, 
      Huainan 232001, China.
AD  - School of Geomatics, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, 
      China.
LA  - eng
GR  - KLAHEI202202/Key Laboratory of Aviation-aerospace-ground Cooperative Monitoring 
      and Early Warning of Coal Mining-induced Disasters of Anhui Higher Education 
      Institutes (Anhui University of Sci-ence and Technology)/
GR  - 41474026/National Natural Science Foundation of China/
GR  - 202104a07020014/Key Research and Development Program of Anhui Province/
GR  - 202103a05020026/Major science and technology projects of Anhui Province/
GR  - 2008085MD114/Anhui Natural Science Foundation/
GR  - 2021yzd03, 2021yzd09/Key scientific research project of Suzhou University/
GR  - KSXTJC202203/Coal Industry Engineering Research Center of Mining Area 
      Environmental And Disaster Cooper-ative Monitoring (Anhui University of Science 
      and Technology)/
GR  - szxy2021ylzy05/First Class Undergraduate Major of Suzhou University/
GR  - 2020jxtd285/Surveying and Mapping Engineering Professional Teaching Team of Anhui 
      Province/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230704
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Sensors (Basel)
JT  - Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101204366
SB  - IM
MH  - *Algorithms
MH  - *Records
PMC - PMC10347138
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - BDS-3
OT  - analytical expression
OT  - combination noise
OT  - correlation analysis
OT  - ionospheric delay
OT  - multi-frequency observations
OT  - pseudorange multipath
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2023/07/14 13:06
MHDA- 2023/07/17 06:42
PMCR- 2023/07/04
CRDT- 2023/07/14 01:26
PHST- 2023/06/12 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/06/27 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/07/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/07/17 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2023/07/14 13:06 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/07/14 01:26 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/07/04 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - s23136151 [pii]
AID - sensors-23-06151 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/s23136151 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Sensors (Basel). 2023 Jul 4;23(13):6151. doi: 10.3390/s23136151.