PMID- 37449105
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230718
IS  - 2405-8440 (Print)
IS  - 2405-8440 (Electronic)
IS  - 2405-8440 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 7
DP  - 2023 Jul
TI  - Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation in fossil consolidation 
      treatments: Preliminary results inducing exogenous Myxococcus xanthus bacteria in 
      a miocene Cheirogaster richardi specimen.
PG  - e17597
LID - 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17597 [doi]
LID - e17597
AB  - This research paper proposes Microbially Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation 
      (MICP) as an innovative approach for palaeontological heritage conservation, 
      specifically on deteriorated carbonate fossils. Due to its efficiency in 
      bioconsolidation of carbonate ornamental rocks, Myxococcus xanthus inoculation on 
      carbonate fossils was studied in this research. Treatment was tested on nine 
      fossil samples from decontextualized fragments of Cheirogaster richardi specimens 
      (Can Mata site, Hostalets de Pierola, Catalonia, Spain). The main objective was 
      to evaluate whether treatment with Myxococcus xanthus improved fossil surface 
      cohesion and hardness and mechanical strength without significant physicochemical 
      and aesthetic changes to the surface. Chemical compatibility of the treatment, 
      penetration capacity and absence of noticeable changes in substrate porosity were 
      considered as important issues to be evaluated. Samples were analysed, before and 
      after treatment, by scanning electron microscopy, weight control, 
      spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction analysis, water absorption analysis, pH and 
      conductivity control, Vickers microindentation and tape test. Results show that 
      hardness increases by a factor of almost two. Cohesion also increases and surface 
      disaggregated particles are bonded together by a calcium carbonate micrometric 
      layer with no noticeable changes in surface roughness. Colour and gloss 
      variations are negligible, and pH, conductivity and weight hardly change. Slight 
      changes in porosity were observed but without total pore clogging. To sum up, 
      results indicate that Myxococcus xanthus biomineralisation is an effective 
      consolidation treatment for carbonate fossils and highly compatible with 
      carbonate substrates. Furthermore, bacterial precipitation of calcium carbonate 
      is a safe and eco-friendly consolidation treatment.
CI  - (c) 2023 The Authors.
FAU - Marin-Ortega, Silvia
AU  - Marin-Ortega S
AD  - Conservation-Restoration Department, Escola Superior de Conservacio i Restauracio 
      de Bens Culturals de Catalunya, Carrer d'Aiguablava, 109-113, 08033, Barcelona, 
      Spain.
AD  - Heritage Conservation-Restoration Research Group. Arts and 
      Conservation-Restoration Department, Faculty of Fine Arts, Universitat de 
      Barcelona, Carrer de Pau Gargallo, 4, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
FAU - Angels Calvo I Torras, M
AU  - Angels Calvo I Torras M
AD  - Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group. Department of Animal 
      Health and Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autonoma de 
      Barcelona, Travessera dels Turons, Edifici V. 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
FAU - Iglesias-Campos, Manuel Angel
AU  - Iglesias-Campos MA
AD  - Heritage Conservation-Restoration Research Group. Arts and 
      Conservation-Restoration Department, Faculty of Fine Arts, Universitat de 
      Barcelona, Carrer de Pau Gargallo, 4, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230622
PL  - England
TA  - Heliyon
JT  - Heliyon
JID - 101672560
PMC - PMC10336521
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Bioconsolidation
OT  - Conservation
OT  - Fossil
OT  - Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation
OT  - Myxococcus xanthus
OT  - paleontological heritage
COIS- The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or 
      personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in 
      this paper
EDAT- 2023/07/14 13:08
MHDA- 2023/07/14 13:09
PMCR- 2023/06/22
CRDT- 2023/07/14 03:58
PHST- 2022/06/24 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/06/20 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/06/21 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/07/14 13:09 [medline]
PHST- 2023/07/14 13:08 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/07/14 03:58 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/06/22 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S2405-8440(23)04805-3 [pii]
AID - e17597 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17597 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Heliyon. 2023 Jun 22;9(7):e17597. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17597. eCollection 
      2023 Jul.