PMID- 37453502
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230918
LR  - 20230925
IS  - 1096-0953 (Electronic)
IS  - 0013-9351 (Linking)
VI  - 235
DP  - 2023 Oct 15
TI  - De-novo exposure assessment of heavy metals in commercially important fresh and 
      dried seafood: Safe for human consumption.
PG  - 116672
LID - S0013-9351(23)01476-7 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116672 [doi]
AB  - The heavy metals (HMs) in seafood are alarming due to their biomagnification in 
      the food chain. The concentrations of As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Cr, and Ni in both fresh 
      and dried fish were quantified, and the potential exposure and safe intake levels 
      for human consumption were assessed by the European Commission (EC) and the Food 
      Safety Standard Authority of India (FSSAI). HMs concentrations ranged from 
      0.003 mg/kg (Cr) to 2.08 mg/kg for (As) and 0.007 mg/kg (Hg) to 2.76 mg/kg (As). 
      Cd, Hg, and Pb levels in fresh and dried fish were below the maximum residue 
      limits (MRLs) set by the EC and FSSAI, which were 0.1 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg, and 
      0.3 mg/kg, respectively. Cr and As concentrations were also below the MRLs of 
      12 mg/kg and 76 mg/kg for aquatic products specified by FSSAI. The concentration 
      of HMs in fresh and dried fish was found in the order of 
      As > Cr > Ni > Pb > Cd > Hg and As > Cd > Cr > Ni > Pb > Hg, while the fresh and 
      dried fishes contained HMs in the following order: E. areolatus > S. 
      longiceps > L.lentjen > S. barracuda > E. affinis > S. javus and 
      DA > DS > DR > DB > DSF. The metal pollution index (MPI) validates seafood is HMs 
      free, while the single (P(i)) and Nemerow integrated pollution index (P(nw)) 
      indicate that concentrations of Cd and As in fresh and dried fish have exceeded 
      the threshold value. The target hazard quotient (THQ<1), hazard index (HI < 1), 
      and target cancer risk (TCR<10(-4)) indicate that there are no non-carcinogenic 
      and carcinogenic risks through the consumption of seafood and seafood products 
      collected from the Tuticorin coast and marketed at the domestic and international 
      levels. The preliminary findings emphasize the importance of formulating domestic 
      legislation/government initiatives to promote seafood and its consumption. The 
      attainment of this objective shall be facilitated by examining the levels of 
      persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in seafood and evaluating its potential risk 
      to consumers.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Arisekar, Ulaganathan
AU  - Arisekar U
AD  - Fisheries College and Research Institute (FC&RI), Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa 
      Fisheries University (TNJFU), Tuticorin, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic 
      address: harimfsc2525@gmail.com.
FAU - Shalini, Rajendran
AU  - Shalini R
AD  - Fisheries College and Research Institute (FC&RI), Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa 
      Fisheries University (TNJFU), Tuticorin, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic 
      address: shalinimispa@gmail.com.
FAU - Sundhar, Shanmugam
AU  - Sundhar S
AD  - Fisheries College and Research Institute (FC&RI), Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa 
      Fisheries University (TNJFU), Tuticorin, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India.
FAU - R Sangma, Shannon
AU  - R Sangma S
AD  - ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Hazaribagh, 825405, Jharkhand, 
      India.
FAU - Bharathi Rathinam, Rajesh
AU  - Bharathi Rathinam R
AD  - ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Hazaribagh, 825405, Jharkhand, 
      India.
FAU - Albeshr, Mohammed F
AU  - Albeshr MF
AD  - Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O.Box.2455, 
      Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Alrefaei, Abdulwahed Fahad
AU  - Alrefaei AF
AD  - Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O.Box.2455, 
      Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Chanikya Naidu, Bejawada
AU  - Chanikya Naidu B
AD  - ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, Maharashtra, 
      India.
FAU - Kanagaraja, Anantharaja
AU  - Kanagaraja A
AD  - Regional Research Centre of ICAR - Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, 
      Bengaluru, 560089, Karnataka, India.
FAU - M D, Sahana
AU  - M D S
AD  - ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, Maharashtra, 
      India.
FAU - J, Saranya Packialakshmi
AU  - J SP
AD  - Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University (KHU), 26 Kyungheedae-ro, 
      Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20230714
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Environ Res
JT  - Environmental research
JID - 0147621
RN  - 00BH33GNGH (Cadmium)
RN  - 2P299V784P (Lead)
RN  - 0 (Metals, Heavy)
RN  - FXS1BY2PGL (Mercury)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Humans
MH  - Cadmium/analysis
MH  - Lead
MH  - Seafood/analysis
MH  - Food Contamination/analysis
MH  - Risk Assessment
MH  - *Metals, Heavy/analysis
MH  - *Mercury/analysis
MH  - Environmental Monitoring
MH  - *Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Contamination index
OT  - Exposure assessment
OT  - Fish and fishery products
OT  - Hazard index
OT  - Heavy metals
OT  - Safe intake limit
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2023/07/16 01:06
MHDA- 2023/09/18 12:42
CRDT- 2023/07/15 19:22
PHST- 2023/05/19 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/07/08 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/07/13 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/09/18 12:42 [medline]
PHST- 2023/07/16 01:06 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/07/15 19:22 [entrez]
AID - S0013-9351(23)01476-7 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116672 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Res. 2023 Oct 15;235:116672. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116672. Epub 2023 
      Jul 14.