PMID- 37456384
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230718
IS  - 2168-8184 (Print)
IS  - 2168-8184 (Electronic)
IS  - 2168-8184 (Linking)
VI  - 15
IP  - 6
DP  - 2023 Jun
TI  - The Impact of Hypothyroidism on Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications: A 
      Comprehensive Review.
PG  - e40447
LID - 10.7759/cureus.40447 [doi]
LID - e40447
AB  - Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most prevalent metabolic disorders in the 
      world and is characterized by excessive blood glucose levels, which lead to 
      deranged carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolisms. At its core, DM is an 
      impairment of insulin metabolism, leading to a plethora of clinical features. The 
      thyroid gland is another vital cog in the wheel of the endocrine system, and the 
      hormones synthesized by it are heavily involved in the control of the body's 
      metabolism. Hypothyroidism is a state in which thyroid hormones are deficient due 
      to various factors and is characterized by a metabolically hypoactive state. 
      Together, insulin, implicated in DM, and thyroid hormones engage in an intricate 
      dance and serve to regulate the body's metabolism. It is imperative to explore 
      the relationship between these two common endocrine disorders to understand their 
      clinical association and mold treatments specific to patients in which they 
      coexist. Both type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) 
      have been shown to have an increased association with hypothyroidism, especially 
      in patients with risk factors including female sex, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and 
      anemia. This review also explores DM's macrovascular and microvascular 
      complications and their association with hypothyroidism. It is of great use to 
      screen for hypothyroidism in diabetic patients. Specific protocols, especially 
      for patients at an elevated risk, provide improved quality of life to patients 
      affected by this highly prevalent disease.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2023, Vemula et al.
FAU - Vemula, Shree Laya
AU  - Vemula SL
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, Anam Chenchu Subba Reddy (ACSR) Government 
      Medical College, Nellore, IND.
FAU - Aramadaka, Saikumar
AU  - Aramadaka S
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, Narayana Medical College, Nellore, IND.
FAU - Mannam, Raam
AU  - Mannam R
AD  - Department of General Surgery, Narayana Medical College, Nellore, IND.
FAU - Sankara Narayanan, Rajagopal
AU  - Sankara Narayanan R
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, Narayana Medical College, Nellore, IND.
FAU - Bansal, Arpit
AU  - Bansal A
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, Narayana Medical College, Nellore, IND.
FAU - Yanamaladoddi, Vishnu R
AU  - Yanamaladoddi VR
AD  - Department of General Surgery, Narayana Medical College and Hospital, Nellore, 
      IND.
FAU - Sarvepalli, Sai Suseel
AU  - Sarvepalli SS
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, Narayana Medical College, Nellore, IND.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20230615
PL  - United States
TA  - Cureus
JT  - Cureus
JID - 101596737
PMC - PMC10349367
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - diabetic microvascular complications
OT  - endocrine disorders
OT  - hypothyroidism and type 2 diabetes mellitus
OT  - thyroid disorder
OT  - type 2 diabetes mellitus
COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2023/07/17 06:42
MHDA- 2023/07/17 06:43
PMCR- 2023/06/15
CRDT- 2023/07/17 04:23
PHST- 2023/06/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/07/17 06:43 [medline]
PHST- 2023/07/17 06:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/07/17 04:23 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/06/15 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.7759/cureus.40447 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Cureus. 2023 Jun 15;15(6):e40447. doi: 10.7759/cureus.40447. eCollection 2023 
      Jun.