PMID- 37484281
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230725
IS  - 2405-8440 (Print)
IS  - 2405-8440 (Electronic)
IS  - 2405-8440 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 6
DP  - 2023 Jun
TI  - Nanoparticle approaches for the renin-angiotensin system.
PG  - e16951
LID - 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16951 [doi]
LID - e16951
AB  - The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a hormonal cascade that contributes to 
      several disorders: systemic hypertension, heart failure, kidney disease, and 
      neurodegenerative disease. Activation of the RAS can promote inflammation and 
      fibrosis. Drugs that target the RAS can be classified into 3 categories, AT1 
      angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 
      inhibitors, and renin inhibitors. The therapeutic efficacy of current 
      RAS-inhibiting drugs is limited by poor penetration across the blood-brain 
      barrier, low bioavailability, and to some extent, short half-lives. 
      Nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery systems (DDSs) are possible emerging 
      alternatives to overcome such limitations. Nanoparticles are ideally 1-100 nm in 
      size and are considered efficient DDSs mainly due to their unique 
      characteristics, including water dispersity, prolonged half-life in blood 
      circulation, smaller size, and biocompatibility. Nano-scale DDSs can reduce the 
      drug dosage frequency and acute toxicity of drugs while enhancing therapeutic 
      success. Different types of nanoparticles, such as chitosan, polymeric, and 
      nanofibers, have been examined in RAS-related studies, especially in 
      hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and COVID-19. In this review article, we 
      summarize the physical and chemical characteristics of each nanoparticle to 
      elaborate on their potential use in RAS-related nano-drug delivery research and 
      clinical application.
CI  - (c) 2023 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
FAU - Hettiarachchi, Sajini D
AU  - Hettiarachchi SD
AD  - Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy College of Pharmacy, Nova 
      Southeastern University, 3200 S University Dr, Davie, FL, 33328 USA.
FAU - Kwon, Young M
AU  - Kwon YM
AD  - Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy College of Pharmacy, Nova 
      Southeastern University, 3200 S University Dr, Davie, FL, 33328 USA.
FAU - Omidi, Yadollah
AU  - Omidi Y
AD  - Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy College of Pharmacy, Nova 
      Southeastern University, 3200 S University Dr, Davie, FL, 33328 USA.
FAU - Speth, Robert C
AU  - Speth RC
AD  - Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy College of Pharmacy, Nova 
      Southeastern University, 3200 S University Dr, Davie, FL, 33328 USA.
AD  - Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine Georgetown 
      University, 3900 Reservoir Rd. NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20230602
PL  - England
TA  - Heliyon
JT  - Heliyon
JID - 101672560
PMC - PMC10361043
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - COVID-19
OT  - Cardiovascular disease
OT  - Drug delivery
OT  - Hypertension
OT  - Nanoparticles
OT  - Renin-angiotensin system
COIS- The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships 
      which may be considered as potential competing interests: Robert C. Speth reports 
      financial support was provided by National Institutes of Health. The authors 
      declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2023/07/24 06:41
MHDA- 2023/07/24 06:42
PMCR- 2023/06/02
CRDT- 2023/07/24 04:41
PHST- 2023/03/17 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/06/01 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/06/01 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/07/24 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2023/07/24 06:41 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/07/24 04:41 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/06/02 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S2405-8440(23)04158-0 [pii]
AID - e16951 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16951 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Heliyon. 2023 Jun 2;9(6):e16951. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16951. eCollection 
      2023 Jun.