PMID- 37484947
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230725
LR  - 20230725
IS  - 1664-2392 (Print)
IS  - 1664-2392 (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-2392 (Linking)
VI  - 14
DP  - 2023
TI  - Sex differences in the non-linear association between BMI and LDL cholesterol in 
      type 2 diabetes.
PG  - 1180012
LID - 10.3389/fendo.2023.1180012 [doi]
LID - 1180012
AB  - BACKGROUND: A data-based study reported the linear relationship between body mass 
      index (BMI) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in a normal 
      population. However, there were no studies giving the suggestion for diabetes 
      patients limited by sample size. This study aimed to investigate the non-linear 
      dose-response relationship between BMI and LDL-C in type 2 diabetes mellitus 
      (T2DM). METHOD: The study participants registered at the National Metabolic 
      Management Center (MMC) of Beijing Luhe hospital from June 2017 to June 2021. 
      T2DM was diagnosed according to the 1999 World Organization criteria. The 
      generalized additive models (GAMs) were used to investigate the non-linear 
      association between BMI and LDL-C. The relationship between BMI and LDL-C was 
      visualized via the smooth splines function plot by sex. Segmented regressions 
      were fitted to calculate the slopes with different estimated breakpoints. 
      RESULTS: After data cleaning, a total of 2500 participants with T2DM aged 30 to 
      70 years were included in this study. Compared with females, the spline between 
      BMI and LDL-C showed an Inverted U shape in males. In males, the slopes below and 
      above the breakpoint (26.08. 95% CI: 24.13 to 28.03) were 2.38 (95%CI: 1.06, 
      3.70) and -0.36 (95%CI: -1.20, 0.48), respectively. CONCLUSION: There was an 
      Inverted U shape association between BMI and LDL-C in male participants with 
      T2DM, for which the LDL-C was increased with BMI in the lean population, while 
      LDL-C gradually tended to be flat or even decreased in the obese population. 
      However, the Inverted U-shape between BMI and LDL-C was not found in female 
      patients with T2DM.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2023 Li, Cao, Wang, Chai, Ke and Zhao.
FAU - Li, Kun
AU  - Li K
AD  - Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, 
      Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
AD  - Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Capital Medical University, 
      Beijing, China.
FAU - Cao, Bin
AU  - Cao B
AD  - Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, 
      Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
AD  - Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Capital Medical University, 
      Beijing, China.
FAU - Wang, Xiaojing
AU  - Wang X
AD  - Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, 
      Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
AD  - Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Capital Medical University, 
      Beijing, China.
FAU - Chai, Tao
AU  - Chai T
AD  - Physical Examination Center, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, 
      Beijing, China.
FAU - Ke, Jing
AU  - Ke J
AD  - Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, 
      Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
AD  - Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Capital Medical University, 
      Beijing, China.
FAU - Zhao, Dong
AU  - Zhao D
AD  - Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, 
      Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
AD  - Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Capital Medical University, 
      Beijing, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20230707
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)
JT  - Frontiers in endocrinology
JID - 101555782
RN  - 0 (Cholesterol, LDL)
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Female
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology/diagnosis
MH  - Body Mass Index
MH  - Cholesterol, LDL
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Sex Characteristics
PMC - PMC10360932
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - BMI
OT  - LDL-C
OT  - generalized additive models
OT  - sex differences
OT  - type 2 diabetes mellitus
COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any 
      commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential 
      conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2023/07/24 06:42
MHDA- 2023/07/25 06:43
PMCR- 2023/01/01
CRDT- 2023/07/24 04:51
PHST- 2023/03/05 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/06/26 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/07/25 06:43 [medline]
PHST- 2023/07/24 06:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/07/24 04:51 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fendo.2023.1180012 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023 Jul 7;14:1180012. doi: 
      10.3389/fendo.2023.1180012. eCollection 2023.