PMID- 37485408
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230725
IS  - 0019-5545 (Print)
IS  - 1998-3794 (Electronic)
IS  - 0019-5545 (Linking)
VI  - 65
IP  - 6
DP  - 2023 Jun
TI  - The toll of opioid dependence: A research report on the possible role of 
      Toll-like receptor-4 and related immune markers in opioid dependence.
PG  - 626-634
LID - 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_314_22 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: The opioid receptors in the central nervous system and immune system 
      contribute to its reinforcing effect. Xenobiotics-associated molecular pattern of 
      opioids interacts with Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) on the glial cell surface and 
      increases dopaminergic activity in the nucleus accumbens in preclinical studies. 
      We wanted to examine whether treatment with buprenorphine-naloxone (BNX) might be 
      associated with changes in immunological markers in individuals with opioid 
      dependence (OD). METHODS: We recruited 30 individuals with OD on buprenorphine 
      and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). We measured the neutrophil 
      (N), lymphocyte (L), CD-4, and CD-8 T-cell count and estimated plasma TLR-4 level 
      in the HC group once. We measured the immunological markers, craving, pain, and 
      perceived stress in the OD group at the treatment initiation (baseline) and after 
      4 weeks (+/-2 weeks) of treatment with BNX. RESULTS: The mean severity score on the 
      OD questionnaire was 72.8 (SD 5.4). At baseline, OD had a higher N: L ratio and 
      lower lymphocyte percentage than HC. Plasma TLR-4 concentration increased 
      significantly after 1 month of treatment (t = -3.09, P = 0.004). Craving, pain, 
      and perceived stress correlated with absolute neutrophil count, N: L ratio, and 
      CD-8 T-cell count, although lost significance after corrections for multiple 
      comparisons. CONCLUSION: The increase in TLR-4 after treatment with BNX may 
      indicate the rescue from nonprescription opioid-induced immunosuppression or the 
      introduction of a novel xenobiotics-associated molecular pattern of BNX.
CI  - Copyright: (c) 2023 Indian Journal of Psychiatry.
FAU - Mahintamani, Tathagata
AU  - Mahintamani T
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Drug Deaddiction and Treatment Centre, Chandigarh, 
      India.
AD  - Department of Addiction Medicine and Department of Psychiatry, Lokopriya Gopinath 
      Bordoloi Regional Institute of Mental Health, Tezpur, Assam, India.
FAU - Basu, Debasish
AU  - Basu D
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Drug Deaddiction and Treatment Centre, Chandigarh, 
      India.
FAU - Ghosh, Abhishek
AU  - Ghosh A
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Drug Deaddiction and Treatment Centre, Chandigarh, 
      India.
FAU - Luthra-Guptasarma, Manni
AU  - Luthra-Guptasarma M
AD  - Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and 
      Research, Chandigarh, India.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230619
PL  - India
TA  - Indian J Psychiatry
JT  - Indian journal of psychiatry
JID - 0013255
PMC - PMC10358820
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Buprenorphine-naloxone
OT  - Toll-like receptor-4
OT  - craving
OT  - opioid dependence
COIS- There are no conflicts of interest.
EDAT- 2023/07/24 06:41
MHDA- 2023/07/24 06:42
PMCR- 2023/06/01
CRDT- 2023/07/24 04:58
PHST- 2022/05/08 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/03/28 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/04/12 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/07/24 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2023/07/24 06:41 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/07/24 04:58 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/06/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - IJPsy-65-626 [pii]
AID - 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_314_22 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Indian J Psychiatry. 2023 Jun;65(6):626-634. doi: 
      10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_314_22. Epub 2023 Jun 19.