PMID- 37490330
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230811
IS  - 1929-0748 (Print)
IS  - 1929-0748 (Electronic)
IS  - 1929-0748 (Linking)
VI  - 12
DP  - 2023 Jul 25
TI  - Evaluation of 2 Artificial Intelligence Software for Chest X-Ray Screening and 
      Pulmonary Tuberculosis Diagnosis: Protocol for a Retrospective Case-Control 
      Study.
PG  - e36121
LID - 10.2196/36121 [doi]
LID - e36121
AB  - BACKGROUND: According to the World Bank, Malaysia reported an estimated 97 
      tuberculosis cases per 100,000 people in 2021. Chest x-ray (CXR) remains the best 
      conventional method for the early detection of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) 
      infection. The intervention of artificial intelligence (AI) in PTB diagnosis 
      could efficiently aid human interpreters and reduce health professionals' work 
      burden. To date, no AI studies have been evaluated in Malaysia. OBJECTIVE: This 
      study aims to evaluate the performance of Putralytica and Qure.ai software for 
      CXR screening and PTB diagnosis among the Malaysian population. METHODS: We will 
      conduct a retrospective case-control study at the Respiratory Medicine Institute, 
      National Cancer Institute, and Sungai Buloh Health Clinic. A total of 1500 CXR 
      images of patients who completed treatments or check-ups will be selected and 
      categorized into three groups: (1) abnormal PTB cases, (2) abnormal non-PTB 
      cases, and (3) normal cases. These CXR images, along with their clinical 
      findings, will be the reference standard in this study. All patient data, 
      including sociodemographic characteristics and clinical history, will be 
      collected prior to screening via Putralytica and Qure.ai software and readers' 
      interpretation, which are the index tests for this study. Interpretation from all 
      3 index tests will be compared with the reference standard, and significant 
      statistical analysis will be computed. RESULTS: Data collection is expected to 
      commence in August 2023. It is anticipated that 1 year will be needed to conduct 
      the study. CONCLUSIONS: This study will measure the accuracy of Putralytica and 
      Qure.ai software and whether their findings will concur with readers' 
      interpretation and the reference standard, thus providing evidence toward the 
      effectiveness of implementing AI in the medical setting. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED 
      REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): PRR1-10.2196/36121.
CI  - (c)Muhammad Faiz Mohd Hisham, Noor Aliza Lodz, Eida Nurhadzira Muhammad, Filza Noor 
      Asari, Mohd Ihsani Mahmood, Zamzurina Abu Bakar. Originally published in JMIR 
      Research Protocols (https://www.researchprotocols.org), 25.07.2023.
FAU - Mohd Hisham, Muhammad Faiz
AU  - Mohd Hisham MF
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5131-4822
AD  - Institute for Public Health, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health 
      Malaysia, Shah Alam, Malaysia.
FAU - Lodz, Noor Aliza
AU  - Lodz NA
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2228-0475
AD  - Institute for Public Health, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health 
      Malaysia, Shah Alam, Malaysia.
FAU - Muhammad, Eida Nurhadzira
AU  - Muhammad EN
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7061-4698
AD  - Institute for Public Health, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health 
      Malaysia, Shah Alam, Malaysia.
FAU - Asari, Filza Noor
AU  - Asari FN
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8890-3375
AD  - Institute for Public Health, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health 
      Malaysia, Shah Alam, Malaysia.
FAU - Mahmood, Mohd Ihsani
AU  - Mahmood MI
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4710-3264
AD  - Sector of Tuberculosis & Leprosy, Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health 
      Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia.
FAU - Abu Bakar, Zamzurina
AU  - Abu Bakar Z
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0145-4296
AD  - Respiratory Medicine Institute, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 
      Malaysia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230725
PL  - Canada
TA  - JMIR Res Protoc
JT  - JMIR research protocols
JID - 101599504
PMC - PMC10410533
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - AI
OT  - CXR
OT  - PTB
OT  - artificial intelligence
OT  - chest x-ray
OT  - evaluation
OT  - pulmonary tuberculosis
OT  - screening
COIS- Conflicts of Interest: None declared.
EDAT- 2023/07/25 13:08
MHDA- 2023/07/25 13:09
PMCR- 2023/07/25
CRDT- 2023/07/25 11:54
PHST- 2022/01/03 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/02/25 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/02/08 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/07/25 13:09 [medline]
PHST- 2023/07/25 13:08 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/07/25 11:54 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/07/25 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - v12i1e36121 [pii]
AID - 10.2196/36121 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - JMIR Res Protoc. 2023 Jul 25;12:e36121. doi: 10.2196/36121.