PMID- 37490506
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230727
LR  - 20230727
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 18
IP  - 7
DP  - 2023
TI  - Surging trends of infertility and its behavioural determinants in India.
PG  - e0289096
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0289096 [doi]
LID - e0289096
AB  - The World Health Organisation (WHO) has recognised infertility as a public health 
      issue. Although biological factors are considered to be the primary cause, 
      factors like social, health, and lifestyle factors can all have an adverse effect 
      on a couple's ability to reproduce. The study aimed to comprehend the infertility 
      scenario in India and explore some of the potential causes. The study used 
      standard demographic definitions and four rounds of the National Family Health 
      Survey (NFHS) from 1992-1993 to 2015-16 to estimate the levels of primary and 
      secondary infertility in India. Bivariate analysis, the t-test, and the 
      Chi-square test were applied to capture significant changes in infertility over 
      time. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to understand the 
      extent of infertility among Indian couples from various socioeconomic groups, 
      lifestyle levels, and reproductive behaviour in 2015-16. Primary infertility 
      declined steadily from 1992 to 2015, whereas secondary infertility increased from 
      19.5% in 1992-93 to 28.6% in 2015-16. This trend is related to declining 
      fertility rates, particularly in India's southern states. Age at marriage, 
      biological factors, and lifestyle factors were all strongly linked to 
      infertility. People with higher education levels and late marriages were more 
      likely to experience primary infertility. Alcohol consumption, smoking, obesity, 
      and noncommunicable disease are all strongly linked to secondary infertility. Our 
      study has policy implications, and we draw attention to alarming infertility in 
      India, which has gone unnoticed due to large population. We suggests enhancing 
      the current health and reproductive programmes, educating people about improving 
      their lifestyle choices and sexual behaviour, and calling attention to a 
      significant shift in fertility dynamics.
CI  - Copyright: (c) 2023 Kundu et al. This is an open access article distributed under 
      the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted 
      use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author 
      and source are credited.
FAU - Kundu, Sampurna
AU  - Kundu S
AD  - Centre of Social Medicine and Community Health, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New 
      Delhi, India.
FAU - Ali, Balhasan
AU  - Ali B
AD  - Department of Survey Research & Data Analytics, International Institute for 
      Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
FAU - Dhillon, Preeti
AU  - Dhillon P
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9757-6492
AD  - Department of Survey Research & Data Analytics, International Institute for 
      Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230725
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Infertility/epidemiology
MH  - Fertility
MH  - Birth Rate
MH  - Reproduction
MH  - Sexual Behavior
MH  - India/epidemiology
PMC - PMC10368286
COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2023/07/25 19:15
MHDA- 2023/07/27 06:42
PMCR- 2023/07/25
CRDT- 2023/07/25 13:44
PHST- 2022/02/23 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/07/12 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/07/27 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2023/07/25 19:15 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/07/25 13:44 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/07/25 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-22-05483 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0289096 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2023 Jul 25;18(7):e0289096. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289096. 
      eCollection 2023.