PMID- 37492396
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230727
LR  - 20230727
IS  - 2167-8359 (Electronic)
IS  - 2167-8359 (Linking)
VI  - 11
DP  - 2023
TI  - Development of a video camera-type kayak motion capture system to measure water 
      kayaking.
PG  - e15227
LID - 10.7717/peerj.15227 [doi]
LID - e15227
AB  - BACKGROUND: In kayaking, trunk motion is one of the important factors that 
      prevent injury and improve performance. Kinematic studies in kayaking have been 
      reported in laboratory settings using paddling simulators and ergometers. 
      However, such studies do not reflect kayaking on water, the actual competitive 
      environment. Therefore, we developed a video camera-type kayak motion capture 
      system (KMCS) wherein action cameras were fixed to a kayak to capture images of 
      markers attached to an athlete's body. This study aimed to compare the kinematic 
      data between KMCS and an optical motion capture system (OMCS) in kayaking and to 
      determine the accuracy of the KMCS analysis. METHODS: In a competition, five 
      elite junior female kayak athletes performed kayak paddling under the unloaded 
      condition using a kayak. The kayak was secured using a tri-folding bench and a 
      towel, and twenty strokes were recorded during maximal paddling. One stroke was 
      defined as the period from right catch to left catch, and the first six strokes 
      were used to evaluate the accuracy. Trunk angles (tilting, turning, and rotation) 
      were examined with the simultaneous use of KMCS and OMCS, and the differences 
      between these systems were evaluated. To ensure reliability, intraclass 
      correlation coefficient (ICC; a two-way mixed model for absolute agreement) was 
      calculated for each angle. Furthermore, Bland-Altman analysis was performed to 
      understand the agreement between the two systems. RESULTS: Root mean square 
      errors (RMSEs) were 1.42 degrees  and 3.94 degrees  for turning and rotation, respectively, and 
      mean absolute errors (MAEs) were 1.08 degrees  and 3.00 degrees  for turning and rotation, 
      respectively. The RMSE and MAE for tilting were 2.43 degrees  and 1.76 degrees , respectively, 
      which indicated that the validity was comparable to that of other angles. 
      However, the range of motion in tilting was lower than that in turning and 
      rotation. Bland-Altman analysis showed good agreement in the total range of 
      motion, with mean bias values of -0.84 degrees , -0.07 degrees , and -0.41 degrees  for tilting, turning, 
      and rotation, respectively. The ICCs for tilting, turning, and rotation were 
      0.966, 0.985, and 0.973, respectively, and showed excellent reliability. 
      CONCLUSIONS: The newly developed KMCS effectively measured the trunk motion with 
      good accuracy in kayaking. In future studies, we intend to use KMCS to measure 
      kayaking on water and collect data for performance improvement and injury 
      prevention.
CI  - (c) 2023 Miyazaki et al.
FAU - Miyazaki, Shigeaki
AU  - Miyazaki S
AD  - Rehabilitation Unit, University of Miyazaki Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan.
FAU - Yamako, Go
AU  - Yamako G
AD  - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of 
      Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
FAU - Kimura, Ryo
AU  - Kimura R
AD  - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of 
      Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
FAU - Punchihewa, Niroshan G
AU  - Punchihewa NG
AD  - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of 
      Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
FAU - Kawaguchi, Tsubasa
AU  - Kawaguchi T
AD  - Rehabilitation Unit, University of Miyazaki Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan.
FAU - Arakawa, Hideki
AU  - Arakawa H
AD  - Rehabilitation Unit, University of Miyazaki Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan.
FAU - Chosa, Etsuo
AU  - Chosa E
AD  - Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 
      Miyazaki, Japan.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230721
PL  - United States
TA  - PeerJ
JT  - PeerJ
JID - 101603425
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - Female
MH  - *Motion Capture
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - *Water Sports
MH  - Athletes
MH  - Rotation
PMC - PMC10364805
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Accuracy
OT  - Biomechanics
OT  - Kayak
OT  - Low-back injury
OT  - Motion capture system
COIS- The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
EDAT- 2023/07/26 06:43
MHDA- 2023/07/27 06:43
PMCR- 2023/07/21
CRDT- 2023/07/26 03:50
PHST- 2022/10/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/06/12 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/07/27 06:43 [medline]
PHST- 2023/07/26 06:43 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/07/26 03:50 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/07/21 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 15227 [pii]
AID - 10.7717/peerj.15227 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PeerJ. 2023 Jul 21;11:e15227. doi: 10.7717/peerj.15227. eCollection 2023.