PMID- 37494065
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20240103
LR  - 20240103
IS  - 2327-6924 (Electronic)
IS  - 2327-6886 (Linking)
VI  - 36
IP  - 1
DP  - 2024 Jan 1
TI  - Provider adherence to American Diabetes Association cardiovascular risk-reduction 
      guidelines: An integrative review.
PG  - 17-22
LID - 10.1097/JXX.0000000000000920 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) requires comprehensive management to prevent 
      end organ disease. Type 2 diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) effects more than 33.3 million 
      individuals in the United States, the majority managed by primary care providers 
      (PCPs). Type 2 diabetes Mellitus increases lifetime heart attack and stroke risk 
      by 2-4 times. Adherence to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) cardiovascular 
      disease reduction guidelines is associated with decreased morbidity and 
      mortality. PURPOSE: This integrative review highlights PCP adherence to ADA 
      cardiovascular risk-reduction guidelines and explores interventions that address 
      adherence. METHODOLOGY: The integrative review approach demanded critical 
      examination of the literature following extraction of findings obtained through a 
      rigorous process involving clear inclusion and exclusion criteria. A 
      comprehensive literature search was guided through Johns Hopkins Nursing 
      Evidence-Based Practice Model. Data extraction was documented through Preferred 
      Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. RESULTS: Five articles 
      met inclusion criteria. Articles ranged from 2017 to 2022 and occurred in the 
      United States, Palestine, and one across Europe. Four areas of common content 
      were identified and included the lack of adherence to statin prescribing, lack of 
      adherence to blood pressure management, statin prescribing favoring male patients 
      and those with existing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease diagnoses, and 
      varying methods to improve adherence. CONCLUSIONS: Quality-improvement strategies 
      focused on the improvement of PCP adherence to ADA cardiovascular risk-reduction 
      guidelines are necessary. IMPLICATIONS: Improved adherence would significantly 
      improve morbidity and mortality outcomes in T2DM. Adherence interventions include 
      education, electronic health record integration, and oversight by certified 
      diabetes educator nurses. The time is now to reduce the negative sequelae from a 
      disease that effects 11.3% of our population.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2023 American Association of Nurse Practitioners.
FAU - Bullock, Jamie Eve
AU  - Bullock JE
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6198-3552
AD  - Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland.
AD  - University of New England, Portland, Maine.
AD  - Martin's Point Health Care, Portland, Maine.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20240101
PL  - United States
TA  - J Am Assoc Nurse Pract
JT  - Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners
JID - 101600770
RN  - 0 (Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors)
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - United States
MH  - *Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control
MH  - *Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Heart Disease Risk Factors
COIS- Competing interests: The author reports no conflicts of interest.
EDAT- 2023/07/26 13:08
MHDA- 2024/01/03 09:42
CRDT- 2023/07/26 11:43
PHST- 2023/02/27 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/06/05 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2024/01/03 09:42 [medline]
PHST- 2023/07/26 13:08 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/07/26 11:43 [entrez]
AID - 01741002-990000000-00146 [pii]
AID - 10.1097/JXX.0000000000000920 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - J Am Assoc Nurse Pract. 2024 Jan 1;36(1):17-22. doi: 
      10.1097/JXX.0000000000000920.