PMID- 37512131
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230731
LR  - 20231102
IS  - 1648-9144 (Electronic)
IS  - 1010-660X (Print)
IS  - 1010-660X (Linking)
VI  - 59
IP  - 7
DP  - 2023 Jul 17
TI  - High-Intensity Interval Training Improves Glycemic Control, Cellular Apoptosis, 
      and Oxidative Stress of Type 2 Diabetic Patients.
LID - 10.3390/medicina59071320 [doi]
LID - 1320
AB  - Background and Objectives: Physical exercise is an important therapeutic modality 
      for treating and managing diabetes. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is 
      considered one of the best non-drug strategies for preventing and treating type 2 
      diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by improving mitochondrial biogenesis and function. This 
      study aimed to determine the effects of 12 weeks of HIIT training on the 
      expression of tumor suppressor protein-p53, mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 
      (COX), and oxidative stress in patients with T2DM. Methods: A total of thirty 
      male sedentary patients aged (45-60 years) were diagnosed with established T2DM 
      for more than five years. Twenty healthy volunteers, age- and sex-matched, were 
      included in this study. Both patients and control subjects participated in the 
      HIIT program for 12 weeks. Glycemic control variables including p53 (U/mL), COX 
      (ng/mL), total antioxidant capacity (TAC, nmole/microL), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine 
      (8-OHdG, ng/mL), as well as genomic and mitochondrial DNA content were measured 
      in both the serum and muscle tissues of control and patient groups following 
      exercise training. Results: There were significant improvements in fasting 
      glucose levels. HbA1c (%), HOMA-IR (mUmmol/L(2)), fasting insulin (microU/mL), and 
      C-peptide (ng/mL) were reported in T2DM and healthy controls. A significant 
      decrease was also observed in p53 protein levels. COX, 8-OhdG, and an increase in 
      the level of TAC were reported in T2DM following 12 weeks of HIIT exercise. 
      Before and after exercise, p53; COX, mt-DNA content, TAC, and 8-OhdG showed an 
      association with diabetic control parameters such as fasting glucose (FG), 
      glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C, %), C-peptide, fasting insulin (FI), and homeostatic 
      model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in patients with T2DM. These 
      findings support the positive impact of HIIT exercise in improving regulation of 
      mitochondrial biogenesis and subsequent control of diabetes through 
      anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidative pathways. Conclusions: A 12-week HIIT program 
      significantly improves diabetes by reducing insulin resistance; regulating 
      mitochondrial biogenesis; and decreasing oxidative stress capacity among patients 
      and healthy controls. Also; p53 protein expression; COX; 8-OhdG; and TAC and 
      mt-DNA content were shown to be associated with T2DM before and after exercise 
      training.
FAU - Al-Rawaf, Hadeel A
AU  - Al-Rawaf HA
AD  - Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, 
      King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Gabr, Sami A
AU  - Gabr SA
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4965-5852
AD  - Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King 
      Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Iqbal, Amir
AU  - Iqbal A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9080-367X
AD  - Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King 
      Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Alghadir, Ahmad H
AU  - Alghadir AH
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1204-476X
AD  - Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King 
      Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.
LA  - eng
GR  - RSP2023R382/Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP2023R382), King Saud 
      University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia./
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230717
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Medicina (Kaunas)
JT  - Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
JID - 9425208
RN  - 0 (Glycated Hemoglobin)
RN  - 0 (Tumor Suppressor Protein p53)
RN  - 0 (Blood Glucose)
RN  - 0 (C-Peptide)
RN  - 0 (Insulin)
RN  - IY9XDZ35W2 (Glucose)
RN  - 9007-49-2 (DNA)
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - *Insulin Resistance/physiology
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
MH  - Glycated Hemoglobin
MH  - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53
MH  - Blood Glucose/metabolism
MH  - *High-Intensity Interval Training
MH  - Glycemic Control
MH  - C-Peptide
MH  - Insulin/metabolism
MH  - Oxidative Stress
MH  - Glucose
MH  - Apoptosis
MH  - DNA
PMC - PMC10384171
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - cytochrome c oxidase
OT  - diabetes
OT  - high-intensity interval training (HIIT)
OT  - mitochondria DNA (mt-DNA)
OT  - oxidative stress
OT  - p53
COIS- The authors report no conflict of interest, either financial or non-financial, in 
      this work.
EDAT- 2023/07/29 11:51
MHDA- 2023/07/31 06:42
PMCR- 2023/07/17
CRDT- 2023/07/29 01:28
PHST- 2023/06/01 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/06/25 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/07/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/07/31 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2023/07/29 11:51 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/07/29 01:28 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/07/17 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - medicina59071320 [pii]
AID - medicina-59-01320 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/medicina59071320 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Medicina (Kaunas). 2023 Jul 17;59(7):1320. doi: 10.3390/medicina59071320.