PMID- 37562737
OWN - NLM
STAT- Publisher
LR  - 20231008
IS  - 1096-0953 (Electronic)
IS  - 0013-9351 (Linking)
VI  - 236
IP  - Pt 2
DP  - 2023 Nov 1
TI  - Effects of mixtures of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and three organochlorine 
      pesticides on cognitive function differ between older Mohawks at Akwesasne and 
      older adults in NHANES.
PG  - 116861
LID - S0013-9351(23)01665-1 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116861 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Akwesasne Mohawks has been exposed to high concentrations of 
      polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and background levels of organochlorine 
      pesticides, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (DDE), and 
      mirex. We have previously reported relative contributions to the mixture of low- 
      and high-chlorinated PCBs, HCB, and DDE on cognitive decrements in Mohawks of 
      various ages. OBJECTIVE: This study examines differences in the mixture effects 
      of PCB congener groups, HCB, DDE, and mirex on cognitive function in older 
      Mohawks and less PCB-exposed older adults from the National Health and Nutrition 
      Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2002 cycles. METHODS: We used Bayesian kernel 
      machine regression (BKMR) to evaluate the mixture effects of different PCB 
      congener groups, HCB, DDE, and mirex on cognitive function in both populations. 
      Models were adjusted for age, sex, education levels, and race/ethnicity focusing 
      on individuals 60 years and older. RESULTS: Older Mohawks had 3-fold higher mean 
      total PCB concentrations and 1.8-fold higher mirex, but slightly lower mean DDE 
      and HCB levels than NHANES older adults. Higher mixture concentrations were 
      significantly associated with greater cognitive decline. In older Mohawks, low- 
      and high-chlorinated PCBs, HCB, and DDE contributed to the cognitive score 
      decline. In contrast, score decline in older NHANES adults were primarily from 
      high-chlorinated PCBs and DDE with a threshold dose of approximately 
      2.08-2.27 ng/g and 2.02-2.40 ng/g, respectively. CONCLUSION: Mixtures of PCBs and 
      organochlorine pesticides increase the risk of cognitive decline in both older 
      Mohawks and NHANES older adults. However, contributions to these mixture effects 
      show significant differences. In older Mohawks, high- and low-chlorinated PCBs, 
      DDE, and HCB are the primary contributors, while high-chlorinated PCBs and DDE 
      are important contributors in NHANES older adults. Due to chronic heavy exposures 
      to PCBs, older Mohawks had a significantly increased risk of cognitive decline 
      compared to general older adults from NHANES.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Sasaki, Nozomi
AU  - Sasaki N
AD  - Institute for Health and the Environment, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY, 
      12144, USA. Electronic address: nsasaki@albany.edu.
FAU - Morse, Gayle
AU  - Morse G
AD  - Institute for Health and the Environment, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY, 
      12144, USA; Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, Russell Sage 
      College, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
FAU - Jones, Laura
AU  - Jones L
AD  - Center for Biostatistics, Bassett Research Institute, Bassett Health, 
      Cooperstown, NY, 13326, USA; Epidemiology and Biostatistics, SUNY Albany School 
      of Public Health, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA.
FAU - Carpenter, David O
AU  - Carpenter DO
AD  - Institute for Health and the Environment, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY, 
      12144, USA.
CN  - Akwesasne Task Force on the Environment
AD  - Mohawk Nation at Akwesasne, Hogansburg, NY, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230809
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Environ Res
JT  - Environmental research
JID - 0147621
SB  - IM
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - BKMR
OT  - Cognitive impairment
OT  - DDE
OT  - HCB
OT  - Mixture effects
OT  - PCBs
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2023/08/11 00:42
MHDA- 2023/08/11 00:42
CRDT- 2023/08/10 19:28
PHST- 2023/06/12 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/07/14 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/08/07 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/08/11 00:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/08/11 00:42 [medline]
PHST- 2023/08/10 19:28 [entrez]
AID - S0013-9351(23)01665-1 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116861 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Res. 2023 Nov 1;236(Pt 2):116861. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116861. Epub 
      2023 Aug 9.