PMID- 37567573
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20231102
LR  - 20231102
IS  - 1543-2742 (Electronic)
IS  - 1526-484X (Linking)
VI  - 33
IP  - 6
DP  - 2023 Nov 1
TI  - The Impact of a Short-Term Ketogenic Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet on Biomarkers 
      of Intestinal Epithelial Integrity and Gastrointestinal Symptoms.
PG  - 305-315
LID - 10.1123/ijsnem.2023-0009 [doi]
AB  - Endurance exercise can disturb intestinal epithelial integrity, leading to 
      increased systemic indicators of cell injury, hyperpermeability, and pathogenic 
      translocation. However, the interaction between exercise, diet, and 
      gastrointestinal disturbance still warrants exploration. This study examined 
      whether a 6-day dietary intervention influenced perturbations to intestinal 
      epithelial disruption in response to a 25-km race walk. Twenty-eight male race 
      walkers adhered to a high carbohydrate (CHO)/energy diet (65% CHO, energy 
      availability = 40 kcal.kg FFM-1.day-1) for 6 days prior to a Baseline 25-km race 
      walk. Athletes were then split into three subgroups: high CHO/energy diet (n = 
      10); low-CHO, high-fat diet (LCHF: n = 8; <50 g/day CHO, energy availability = 
      40 kcal.kg FFM-1.day-1); and low energy availability (n = 10; 65% CHO, energy 
      availability = 15 kcal.kg FFM-1.day-1) for a further 6-day dietary intervention 
      period prior to a second 25-km race walk (Adaptation). During both trials, venous 
      blood was collected pre-, post-, and 1 hr postexercise and analyzed for markers 
      of intestinal epithelial disruption. Intestinal fatty acid-binding protein 
      concentration was significantly higher (twofold increase) in response to exercise 
      during Adaptation compared to Baseline in the LCHF group (p = .001). Similar 
      findings were observed for soluble CD14 (p < .001) and lipopolysaccharide-binding 
      protein (p = .003), where postexercise concentrations were higher (53% and 36%, 
      respectively) during Adaptation than Baseline in LCHF. No differences in high 
      CHO/energy diet or low energy availability were apparent for any blood markers 
      assessed (p > .05). A short-term LCHF diet increased intestinal epithelial cell 
      injury in response to a 25-km race walk. No effect of low energy availability on 
      gastrointestinal injury or symptoms was observed.
FAU - McKay, Alannah K A
AU  - McKay AKA
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4184-3886
AD  - Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, 
      Melbourne, VIC,Australia.
FAU - Wallett, Alice M
AU  - Wallett AM
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7320-3875
AD  - Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, 
      ACT,Australia.
AD  - Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, ACT,Australia.
FAU - McKune, Andrew J
AU  - McKune AJ
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5479-1544
AD  - Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, 
      ACT,Australia.
AD  - Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health 
      Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban,South Africa.
FAU - Periard, Julien D
AU  - Periard JD
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6266-4246
AD  - Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, 
      ACT,Australia.
FAU - Saunders, Philo
AU  - Saunders P
AD  - Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, ACT,Australia.
FAU - Whitfield, Jamie
AU  - Whitfield J
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8961-8872
AD  - Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, 
      Melbourne, VIC,Australia.
FAU - Tee, Nicolin
AU  - Tee N
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1130-9516
AD  - Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, 
      Melbourne, VIC,Australia.
FAU - Heikura, Ida A
AU  - Heikura IA
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1088-428X
AD  - Canadian Sport Institute Pacific, Victoria, BC,Canada.
AD  - Exercise Science, Physical & Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, 
      BC,Canada.
FAU - Ross, Megan L R
AU  - Ross MLR
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4134-4187
AD  - Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, 
      Melbourne, VIC,Australia.
FAU - Sharma, Avish P
AU  - Sharma AP
AD  - Victorian Institute of Sport, Melbourne, VIC,Australia.
FAU - Costa, Ricardo J S
AU  - Costa RJS
AD  - Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, 
      VIC,Australia.
FAU - Burke, Louise M
AU  - Burke LM
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8866-5637
AD  - Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, 
      Melbourne, VIC,Australia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230811
PL  - United States
TA  - Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab
JT  - International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
JID - 100939812
RN  - 0 (Carbohydrates)
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Dietary Carbohydrates)
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Diet, High-Fat
MH  - *Diet, Ketogenic
MH  - Exercise
MH  - Carbohydrates
MH  - *Gastrointestinal Diseases
MH  - Biomarkers
MH  - Dietary Carbohydrates
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - FODMAP
OT  - I-FABP
OT  - LEA
OT  - bacterial endotoxin
EDAT- 2023/08/12 10:42
MHDA- 2023/11/02 12:44
CRDT- 2023/08/11 20:02
PHST- 2023/01/16 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/06/06 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/06/13 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/11/02 12:44 [medline]
PHST- 2023/08/12 10:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/08/11 20:02 [entrez]
AID - 10.1123/ijsnem.2023-0009 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2023 Aug 11;33(6):305-315. doi: 
      10.1123/ijsnem.2023-0009. Print 2023 Nov 1.