PMID- 37569348
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230814
LR  - 20230814
IS  - 1422-0067 (Electronic)
IS  - 1422-0067 (Linking)
VI  - 24
IP  - 15
DP  - 2023 Jul 26
TI  - Black Ginseng Extract Exerts Potentially Anti-Asthmatic Activity by Inhibiting 
      the Protein Kinase Ctheta-Mediated IL-4/STAT6 Signaling Pathway.
LID - 10.3390/ijms241511970 [doi]
LID - 11970
AB  - Asthma is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes respiratory 
      difficulties. Black ginseng extract (BGE) has preventative effects on respiratory 
      inflammatory diseases such as asthma. However, the pharmacological mechanisms 
      behind the anti-asthmatic activity of BGE remain unknown. To investigate the 
      anti-asthmatic mechanism of BGE, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus ionomycin 
      (PMA/Iono)-stimulated mouse EL4 cells and ovalbumin (OVA)-induced mice with 
      allergic airway inflammation were used. Immune cells (eosinophils/macrophages), 
      interleukin (IL)-4, -5, -13, and serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels were 
      measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Inflammatory cell 
      recruitment and mucus secretion in the lung tissue were estimated. Protein 
      expression was analyzed via Western blotting, including that of inducible nitric 
      oxide synthase (iNOS) and the activation of protein kinase C theta (PKCtheta) and its 
      downstream signaling molecules. BGE decreased T helper (Th)2 cytokines, serum 
      IgE, mucus secretion, and iNOS expression in mice with allergic airway 
      inflammation, thereby providing a protective effect. Moreover, BGE and its major 
      ginsenosides inhibited the production of Th2 cytokines in PMA/Iono-stimulated EL4 
      cells. In EL4 cells, these outcomes were accompanied by the inactivation of PKCtheta 
      and its downstream transcription factors, such as nuclear factor of activated T 
      cells (NFAT), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB), activator of transcription 6 
      (STAT6), and GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3), which are involved in allergic 
      airway inflammation. BGE also inhibited the activation of PKCtheta and the 
      abovementioned transcriptional factors in the lung tissue of mice with allergic 
      airway inflammation. These results highlight the potential of BGE as a useful 
      therapeutic and preventative agent for allergic airway inflammatory diseases such 
      as allergic asthma.
FAU - Song, Yu Na
AU  - Song YN
AD  - Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and 
      Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea.
AD  - Department of Biological Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 
      Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Lee, Jae-Won
AU  - Lee JW
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0438-6732
AD  - Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and 
      Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Ryu, Hyung Won
AU  - Ryu HW
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5291-3942
AD  - Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and 
      Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Lee, Jae Kyoung
AU  - Lee JK
AD  - Rpbio Research Institute, Rpbio Co., Ltd., Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Oh, Eun Sol
AU  - Oh ES
AD  - Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and 
      Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea.
AD  - Department of Biological Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 
      Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Kim, Doo-Young
AU  - Kim DY
AD  - Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and 
      Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Ro, Hyunju
AU  - Ro H
AD  - Department of Biological Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 
      Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Yoon, Dahye
AU  - Yoon D
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0286-8896
AD  - Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and 
      Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 27709, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Park, Ji-Yoon
AU  - Park JY
AD  - Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and 
      Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea.
AD  - Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Department of Medical Science, College of 
      Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Hong, Sung-Tae
AU  - Hong ST
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5981-4859
AD  - Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Department of Medical Science, College of 
      Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Kim, Mun-Ock
AU  - Kim MO
AD  - Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and 
      Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Lee, Su Ui
AU  - Lee SU
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6455-5414
AD  - Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and 
      Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Lee, Dae Young
AU  - Lee DY
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4302-3096
AD  - Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and 
      Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 27709, Republic of Korea.
LA  - eng
GR  - Project No. PJ01601601, PJ01601602/Rural Development Administration/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230726
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int J Mol Sci
JT  - International journal of molecular sciences
JID - 101092791
RN  - 0 (Anti-Asthmatic Agents)
RN  - 207137-56-2 (Interleukin-4)
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 37341-29-0 (Immunoglobulin E)
RN  - 9006-59-1 (Ovalbumin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Mice
MH  - *Anti-Asthmatic Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use
MH  - Interleukin-4/metabolism
MH  - *Asthma/metabolism
MH  - Lung/metabolism
MH  - Cytokines/metabolism
MH  - *Hypersensitivity/metabolism
MH  - Signal Transduction
MH  - Inflammation/metabolism
MH  - Immunoglobulin E
MH  - *Panax/metabolism
MH  - Ovalbumin
MH  - Mice, Inbred BALB C
MH  - Disease Models, Animal
PMC - PMC10418634
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - PKCtheta
OT  - STAT6
OT  - Th2 cytokines
OT  - asthma
OT  - black ginseng extract
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2023/08/12 10:49
MHDA- 2023/08/14 06:42
PMCR- 2023/07/26
CRDT- 2023/08/12 01:08
PHST- 2023/07/07 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/07/24 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/07/25 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/08/14 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2023/08/12 10:49 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/08/12 01:08 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/07/26 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijms241511970 [pii]
AID - ijms-24-11970 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijms241511970 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jul 26;24(15):11970. doi: 10.3390/ijms241511970.