PMID- 37570100
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230814
IS  - 1996-1944 (Print)
IS  - 1996-1944 (Electronic)
IS  - 1996-1944 (Linking)
VI  - 16
IP  - 15
DP  - 2023 Aug 1
TI  - Influence of Material Degradation on Deformation of Paraglider during Flight.
LID - 10.3390/ma16155396 [doi]
LID - 5396
AB  - The aim of this article is to determine experimentally and numerically the 
      influence of material degradation on the deformation of a paraglider during 
      flight. The presented method regards numerical modeling of pressure distribution 
      over the wing and its effect on paraglider behavior; the considerations are 
      preceded by experiments on three types of Polyamide 6.6 paraglider fabrics, 
      subjected and not subjected to thermal, UV and flexing degradation. Scanning 
      electron microscope (SEM) records allowed to determine the structural 
      characteristics of the analyzed samples. Air permeability and mechanical tests 
      are the input data for the computational simulations. When a pressure drop of 200 
      Pa is applied, all the analyzed samples are impermeable, except for those damaged 
      by flexing. Thus, flexing damage has the greatest influence on the air 
      permeability change among all considered aging factors. Aging caused by UV 
      radiation has the greatest influence on mechanical properties. No major influence 
      of thermal ageing on the mechanical properties of the considered samples is 
      observed. Safety factors of the considered materials not subjected to degradation 
      range between 3.94 and 6.00. Safety factor of fabric no. 1 subjected to the UV 
      degradation is equal to 1.33; this result does not secure a safe usage of the 
      considered material. The methodology described in this research can help to 
      predict paraglider covering materials' behavior in flight; it assumes many cases, 
      i.e., applying a new material or the material at any point of its life cycle. 
      Thus, the practical implications of this model supported by numerical methods may 
      result in saving time and cost in producing prototypes, as well as potentially 
      assessing the safety of used wings. Future research activity can introduce the 
      application of different elastic-plastic damage models to determine the 
      paraglider behavior during collapse.
FAU - Maslanka, Paulina
AU  - Maslanka P
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4318-4084
AD  - Interdisciplinary Doctoral School, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, 
      Poland.
FAU - Szafranska, Halina
AU  - Szafranska H
AD  - Department of Physicochemistry and Materials Technology, Faculty of Chemical 
      Engineering and Commodity Science, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and 
      Humanities in Radom, 26-600 Radom, Poland.
FAU - Aleksieiev, Andrii
AU  - Aleksieiev A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4607-5089
AD  - Interdisciplinary Doctoral School, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, 
      Poland.
FAU - Korycki, Ryszard
AU  - Korycki R
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1383-7999
AD  - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Informatics and Chemistry of Polymer 
      Materials, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
FAU - Kaziur, Patrycja
AU  - Kaziur P
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4033-9757
AD  - Interdisciplinary Doctoral School, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, 
      Poland.
FAU - Dabrowska, Anna
AU  - Dabrowska A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4295-3005
AD  - Department of Personal Protective Equipment, Central Institute for Labour 
      Protection-National Research Institute (CIOP-PIB), 90-133 Lodz, Poland.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230801
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Materials (Basel)
JT  - Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101555929
PMC - PMC10420326
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - aerodynamic characteristics
OT  - air permeability
OT  - material aging
OT  - numerical modeling
OT  - strength characteristics
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2023/08/12 10:52
MHDA- 2023/08/12 10:53
PMCR- 2023/08/01
CRDT- 2023/08/12 01:14
PHST- 2023/06/30 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/07/29 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/07/30 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/08/12 10:53 [medline]
PHST- 2023/08/12 10:52 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/08/12 01:14 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/08/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ma16155396 [pii]
AID - materials-16-05396 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ma16155396 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Materials (Basel). 2023 Aug 1;16(15):5396. doi: 10.3390/ma16155396.