PMID- 37571123
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230814
IS  - 2073-4360 (Electronic)
IS  - 2073-4360 (Linking)
VI  - 15
IP  - 15
DP  - 2023 Jul 29
TI  - Thermomechanical Modeling of Material Flow and Weld Quality in the Friction Stir 
      Welding of High-Density Polyethylene.
LID - 10.3390/polym15153230 [doi]
LID - 3230
AB  - A thermomechanical model of the friction stir welding (FSW) of high-density 
      polyethylene (HDPE) was developed by incorporating a Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian 
      (CEL) approach. A Johnson Cook (JC) material model of HDPE was developed through 
      experimentally generated strain-rate- and temperature-dependent stress strain 
      data. Two sets of FSW process parameters with minimum and maximum weld defects 
      were numerically modeled. The numerically calculated temperature distribution, 
      material flow and flash and potential defects were validated and discussed with 
      the experimental results. Tracer particles allowed to visualize the material 
      movement during and after the tool had traversed from the specified region of the 
      workpiece. Both numerical models presented similar maximum temperatures on the 
      upper surface of the workpiece, while the model with high traverse speed and slow 
      rotational speed had narrower shoulder- and heat-affected zones than the slow 
      traverse, high rotational speed model. This contributed to the lack of material 
      flow, hence the development of voids and worm holes in the high traverse speed 
      model. Flash and weld defects were observed in models for both sets of process 
      parameters. However, slow traverse, high rotational speeds exhibited smaller and 
      lesser weld defects than high traverse, slow rotational speeds. The numerical 
      results based on the CEL approach and JC material model were found to be in good 
      agreement with the experimental results.
FAU - Ahmad, Bilal
AU  - Ahmad B
AD  - Duncan Rogers (Engineering) Ltd., 396 Hillington Road, Glasgow G52 4BL, UK.
FAU - Almaskari, Fahad
AU  - Almaskari F
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5582-2704
AD  - Department of Aerospace Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and 
      Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates.
FAU - Sheikh-Ahmad, Jamal
AU  - Sheikh-Ahmad J
AD  - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Western New England University, 
      Springfield, MA 01119, USA.
FAU - Deveci, Suleyman
AU  - Deveci S
AD  - Borouge Pte. Ltd., Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates.
FAU - Khan, Kamran
AU  - Khan K
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1817-6947
AD  - Department of Aerospace Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and 
      Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates.
LA  - eng
GR  - CIRA 2020-084/Khalifa University of Science and Technology/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230729
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Polymers (Basel)
JT  - Polymers
JID - 101545357
PMC - PMC10421495
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian
OT  - friction stir welding
OT  - high-density polyethylene
OT  - material flow
OT  - thermomechanical modeling
OT  - void formation
COIS- Author Suleyman Deveci was employed by the company Borouge Ltd. The remaining 
      authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial 
      or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of 
      interest.
EDAT- 2023/08/12 10:42
MHDA- 2023/08/12 10:43
PMCR- 2023/07/29
CRDT- 2023/08/12 01:20
PHST- 2023/06/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/07/19 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/07/25 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/08/12 10:43 [medline]
PHST- 2023/08/12 10:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/08/12 01:20 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/07/29 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - polym15153230 [pii]
AID - polymers-15-03230 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/polym15153230 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Polymers (Basel). 2023 Jul 29;15(15):3230. doi: 10.3390/polym15153230.