PMID- 37571262 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20230816 LR - 20230816 IS - 2072-6643 (Electronic) IS - 2072-6643 (Linking) VI - 15 IP - 15 DP - 2023 Jul 26 TI - Enhancing Supplemental Effects of Acute Natural Antioxidant Derived from Yeast Fermentation and Vitamin C on Sports Performance in Triathlon Athletes: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial. LID - 10.3390/nu15153324 [doi] LID - 3324 AB - This study investigated the acute effects of natural antioxidants, derived from yeast fermentation containing glutathione and dietary vitamin C supplementation, on metabolic function, skeletal muscle oxygenation, cardiac function, and antioxidant function during submaximal exercise in middle-aged triathlon athletes. Twelve participants (aged 49.42 +/- 5.9 years) completed 90 min submaximal cycling trials corresponding to 70% maximal oxygen uptake with either vitamin C and glutathione (VitC+Glu), vitamin C (VitC), glutathione (Glu) supplementation, or placebo. Metabolic function (minute ventilation, oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide output [VCO(2)], respiratory exchange ratio [RER], oxygen pulse [O(2)pulse], carbohydrate oxidation, fat oxidation, and energy expenditure), skeletal muscle oxygenation (oxidized hemoglobin and myoglobin in skeletal muscle tissue, total hemoglobin and myoglobin in skeletal muscle tissue [tHb]), cardiac function (heart rate [HR], stroke volume [SV], cardiac output, end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, and ejection fraction), and antioxidant function parameters (blood lactate, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidases, glutathione [GSH], diacron reactive oxygen metabolite [dROM], and biological antioxidant potential [BAP]) were measured during submaximal exercise and recovery. VCO(2), RER, HR, blood lactate after exercise, and dROM were significantly lower, and O(2)pulse, tHb, and BAP were significantly higher for VitC+Glu than for the other trials (p < 0.05). In conclusion, combined vitamin C and glutathione supplementation was more effective in improving metabolic function, skeletal oxygenation, cardiac function, and antioxidant function during prolonged submaximal exercise in middle-aged triathletes. FAU - Lee, Eunjoo AU - Lee E AUID- ORCID: 0009-0004-8435-3926 AD - Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea. FAU - Park, Hun-Young AU - Park HY AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9901-7624 AD - Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea. AD - Physical Activity and Performance Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea. FAU - Kim, Sung-Woo AU - Kim SW AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5976-277X AD - Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea. AD - Physical Activity and Performance Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea. FAU - Sun, Yerin AU - Sun Y AD - Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea. FAU - Choi, Jae-Ho AU - Choi JH AD - Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea. FAU - Seo, Jisoo AU - Seo J AD - Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea. FAU - Jung, Yanghoon Peter AU - Jung YP AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9623-2150 AD - CJ CheilJedang Food & Nutrition Tech, Jung-gu, Seoul 04527, Republic of Korea. FAU - Kim, Ah-Jin AU - Kim AJ AD - CJ CheilJedang Food & Nutrition Tech, Jung-gu, Seoul 04527, Republic of Korea. FAU - Kim, Jisu AU - Kim J AD - Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea. AD - Physical Activity and Performance Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea. FAU - Lim, Kiwon AU - Lim K AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3222-1783 AD - Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea. AD - Physical Activity and Performance Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea. AD - Department of Physical Education, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea. LA - eng GR - This study was supported by a grant from CJ CheilJedang Food & Nutrition Tech./ PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial DEP - 20230726 PL - Switzerland TA - Nutrients JT - Nutrients JID - 101521595 RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - PQ6CK8PD0R (Ascorbic Acid) RN - 0 (Myoglobin) RN - 0 (Vitamins) RN - GAN16C9B8O (Glutathione) RN - S88TT14065 (Oxygen) RN - 0 (Lactates) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - Middle Aged MH - *Antioxidants/pharmacology MH - Ascorbic Acid MH - Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism MH - Cross-Over Studies MH - Fermentation MH - Myoglobin/metabolism MH - Vitamins/pharmacology MH - *Athletic Performance MH - Glutathione/metabolism MH - Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism MH - Athletes MH - Oxygen/metabolism MH - Lactates/metabolism MH - Dietary Supplements PMC - PMC10421245 OTO - NOTNLM OT - ActiveNrich OT - antioxidant OT - cardiac function OT - dietary supplementation OT - fatigue OT - glutathione OT - metabolic function OT - oxidative stress OT - prolonged submaximal exercise OT - skeletal muscle oxygenation OT - sports performance OT - synergistic effect OT - triathlon athletes OT - vitamin C OT - yeast extract COIS- Y.P.J. and A.-J.K. are employees of CJ CheilJedang; however, they were not involved in the study design, sample collection, or data analysis. EDAT- 2023/08/12 10:46 MHDA- 2023/08/16 06:42 PMCR- 2023/07/26 CRDT- 2023/08/12 01:21 PHST- 2023/06/19 00:00 [received] PHST- 2023/07/23 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2023/07/25 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2023/08/16 06:42 [medline] PHST- 2023/08/12 10:46 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/08/12 01:21 [entrez] PHST- 2023/07/26 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - nu15153324 [pii] AID - nutrients-15-03324 [pii] AID - 10.3390/nu15153324 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Nutrients. 2023 Jul 26;15(15):3324. doi: 10.3390/nu15153324.