PMID- 37572027
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230906
LR  - 20230906
IS  - 1461-7285 (Electronic)
IS  - 0269-8811 (Linking)
VI  - 37
IP  - 9
DP  - 2023 Sep
TI  - The risk of chronic psychedelic and MDMA microdosing for valvular heart disease.
PG  - 876-890
LID - 10.1177/02698811231190865 [doi]
AB  - Psychedelic microdosing is the practice of taking very low doses of psychedelic 
      substances, typically over a longer period of time. The long-term safety of 
      chronic microdosing is relatively uncharacterized, but valvular heart disease 
      (VHD) has been proposed as a potential risk due to activation of the serotonin 
      5-HT(2B) receptor. However, this risk has not yet been comprehensively assessed. 
      This analysis searched for all relevant in vitro, animal, and clinical studies 
      related to the VHD risk of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin, 
      mescaline, N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), and the non-psychedelic 
      3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). All five compounds and some metabolites 
      could bind to the 5-HT(2B) receptor with potency equal to or greater than that of 
      the 5-HT(2A) receptor, the primary target of psychedelics. All compounds were 
      partial agonists at the 5-HT(2B) receptor with the exception of mescaline, which 
      could not be adequately assessed due to low potency. Safety margins relative to 
      the maximum plasma concentrations from typical microdoses were greater than known 
      valvulopathogens, but not without potential risk. No animal or clinical studies 
      appropriately designed to evaluate VHD risk were found for the four psychedelics. 
      However, there is some clinical evidence that chronic ingestion of full doses of 
      MDMA is associated with VHD. We conclude that VHD is a potential risk with 
      chronic psychedelic microdosing, but further studies are necessary to better 
      define this risk.
FAU - Tagen, Michael
AU  - Tagen M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8942-586X
AD  - Verdient Science LLC, Englewood, CO, USA.
FAU - Mantuani, Daniel
AU  - Mantuani D
AD  - Delos Psyche Research Group, Mountain View, CA, USA.
AD  - Delos Therapeutics, Mountain View, CA, USA.
FAU - van Heerden, Liron
AU  - van Heerden L
AD  - Delos Psyche Research Group, Mountain View, CA, USA.
AD  - Delos Therapeutics, Mountain View, CA, USA.
FAU - Holstein, Alex
AU  - Holstein A
AD  - Delos Psyche Research Group, Mountain View, CA, USA.
AD  - Delos Therapeutics, Mountain View, CA, USA.
FAU - Klumpers, Linda E
AU  - Klumpers LE
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3453-9744
AD  - Verdient Science LLC, Englewood, CO, USA.
AD  - Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
FAU - Knowles, Richard
AU  - Knowles R
AD  - Delos Psyche Research Group, Mountain View, CA, USA.
AD  - Delos Therapeutics, Mountain View, CA, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20230812
PL  - United States
TA  - J Psychopharmacol
JT  - Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)
JID - 8907828
RN  - 0 (Hallucinogens)
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
RN  - RHO99102VC (Mescaline)
RN  - 333DO1RDJY (Serotonin)
RN  - 2RV7212BP0 (Psilocybin)
RN  - 8NA5SWF92O (Lysergic Acid Diethylamide)
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Hallucinogens/adverse effects
MH  - *N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/adverse effects
MH  - Mescaline
MH  - Serotonin
MH  - Psilocybin
MH  - Lysergic Acid Diethylamide/adverse effects
MH  - *Heart Valve Diseases/chemically induced
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Psychedelics
OT  - microdosing
OT  - valvular heart disease
EDAT- 2023/08/13 00:42
MHDA- 2023/09/06 06:42
CRDT- 2023/08/12 07:32
PHST- 2023/09/06 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2023/08/13 00:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/08/12 07:32 [entrez]
AID - 10.1177/02698811231190865 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Psychopharmacol. 2023 Sep;37(9):876-890. doi: 10.1177/02698811231190865. Epub 
      2023 Aug 12.