PMID- 37596926
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20231102
LR  - 20231103
IS  - 1745-5065 (Electronic)
IS  - 1745-5057 (Print)
IS  - 1745-5057 (Linking)
VI  - 19
DP  - 2023 Jan-Dec
TI  - What is prenatal stress? A scoping review of how prenatal stress is defined and 
      measured within the context of food insecurity, housing instability, and 
      immigration in the United States.
PG  - 17455057231191091
LID - 10.1177/17455057231191091 [doi]
LID - 17455057231191091
AB  - BACKGROUND: Stress during pregnancy can lead to significant adverse outcomes for 
      maternal mental health. Early evaluation of prenatal stress can help identify 
      treatment needs and appropriate interventions. Disparities in the social 
      determinants of health can contribute to stress, but what constitutes stress 
      during pregnancy within the social determinants of health framework is poorly 
      understood. OBJECTIVE: To scope how prenatal stress is defined and measured among 
      pregnant people exposed to three prominent social stressors in the United States: 
      insecurity pertaining to food, housing, and immigration. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: We 
      included all studies that focused on stress during pregnancy in the context of 
      food insecurity, housing instability, and immigration, given their recent policy 
      focus due to the COVID-19 pandemic and ongoing political discourse, in addition 
      to their importance in American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists 
      (ACOG's) social determinants of health screening tool. SOURCES OF EVIDENCE: We 
      searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for articles published between 
      January 2012 and January 2022. CHARTING METHODS: Using a piloted charting tool, 
      we extracted relevant study information from the selected articles and analyzed 
      the content pertaining to stress. RESULTS: An initial search identified 1,023 
      articles, of which 24 met our inclusion criteria. None of the studies defined 
      prenatal stress, and only one used the Prenatal Distress Questionnaire, a 
      prenatal stress-specific tool to measure it. The Perceived Stress Scale was the 
      most common instrument used in seven studies. Fifteen studies measured over 25 
      alternative exposures that researchers theorized were associated with stress, and 
      4 of the 15 studies did not explain the association between the measure and 
      stress. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate a fundamental inconsistency in how 
      prenatal stress is defined and measured in the context of social determinants of 
      health, limiting the comparison of results across studies and the potential 
      development of effective interventions to promote better maternal mental health.
FAU - Patel, Ishani
AU  - Patel I
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4542-0960
AD  - Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, 
      IL, USA.
FAU - Dev, Alka
AU  - Dev A
AD  - The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy & Clinical Practice, Dartmouth College, 
      Hanover, IL, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - United States
TA  - Womens Health (Lond)
JT  - Women's health (London, England)
JID - 101271249
SB  - IM
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - United States
MH  - *Housing
MH  - *Pandemics
MH  - Emigration and Immigration
MH  - Housing Instability
MH  - Food Insecurity
PMC - PMC10440065
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - definition
OT  - measurement
OT  - pregnant people
OT  - pregnant women
OT  - prenatal stress
OT  - social determinants of health
COIS- The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the 
      research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
EDAT- 2023/08/19 20:41
MHDA- 2023/08/19 20:42
PMCR- 2023/08/19
CRDT- 2023/08/19 07:22
PHST- 2023/08/19 20:42 [medline]
PHST- 2023/08/19 20:41 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/08/19 07:22 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/08/19 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1177_17455057231191091 [pii]
AID - 10.1177/17455057231191091 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Womens Health (Lond). 2023 Jan-Dec;19:17455057231191091. doi: 
      10.1177/17455057231191091.